贵州草海流域黄棕壤底质入湖河流生态修复规划  

Ecological Restoration Planning for Rivers Entering Lakes with Yellow-brown Soil Substrate in the Caohai Basin,Guizhou Province

作　　者：孙凯 江艳[2] 胡小风 许玖玲 周子路 陈曦 忻飞 杨棠武 SUN Kai;JIANG Yan;HU Xiao-feng;XU Jiu-ling;ZHOU Zi-lu;CHEN Xi;XIN Fei;YANG Tang-wu(Power China Huadong Engineering Co.Ltd.,Hangzhou 310014,Zhejiang,China;Zhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology,Shaoxing 312030,Zhejiang,China;Nanjing University Ecological Research Institute of Changshu,Nanjing University Research Institute(Changshu)Co.,Ltd,Suzhou 215500,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州310014 [2]浙江工业大学之江学院,浙江绍兴312030 [3]南京大学常熟生态研究院,南大(常熟)研究院有限公司,江苏苏州215501

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2025年第2期72-77,共6页Wetland Science & Management

摘　　要：草海国家自然保护区作为珍稀鸟类栖息地的重要区域,其入湖河道及河口湿地的水质保护至关重要。流域范围内以黄棕壤为主,土地利用类型以农业种植为主,长期的水土流失导致湿地淤积,且影响湖泊水质。本文针对草海流域内35条入湖河道的生态特点,提出了分区修复规划,以满足不同区域的修复需求和生态功能,逐层实现水土保持、水质净化和生态多样性修复。上游治理聚焦于水流调节与岸线稳定,基于水文特征,将河道分为常流型、弱流型和季节型,分别采用驳岸修复、深潭浅滩构造和河沟硬质化措施,加固岸线、减少水土流失和泥沙输送。下游治理则通过湿地修复净化水质,设置生态塘和前置库湿地,构建多级净化系统,实现黄棕壤区入湖水体的有效净化。该方案可有效降低入湖河流泥沙淤积,改善草海水质,为贵州黄棕壤区入湖河流生态修复提供理论支持和实践参考。As an important habitat for rare bird species,the Caohai National Nature Reserve puts a strong focus on safeguarding the water quality of its inflowing rivers and coastal wetlands.The watershed is predominantly composed of yellow-brown soil,with agricultural cultivation being the main land use.Prolonged soil erosion,both natural and humaninduced,has led to sedimentation in wetlands and negatively impacted the water quality of lakes.This study focuses on the ecological characteristics of 35 inflowing rivers within the The Caohai watershed has seen targeted restoration efforts,such as the Caohai North Slope vegetation restoration project,which aims to address specific ecological needs and functions of different areas,leading to significant improvements in the ecosystem.The plan aims to progressively achieve soil conservation,water purification,and ecological diversity restoration,as evidenced by successful ecological restoration efforts in regions like Guizhou's Caohai,where strict measures have been implemented to protect the environment and restore biodiversity.Upstream management emphasizes flow regulation and shoreline stabilization.Based on hydrological characteristics,rivers are categorized into perennial flow,weak flow,and seasonal flow types.Restoration measures include shoreline reinforcement,The construction of deep pools,shallow shoals,and river channel hardening aims to stabilize shorelines and mitigate soil erosion.Downstream management focuses on wetland restoration for water purification,incorporating ecological ponds and pre-treatment wetlands to establish a multi-stage purification system.This approach effectively purifies inflowing water from yellow-brown soil areas before entering the lake.The proposed plan can significantly reduce sedimentation in inflowing rivers,improve water quality in Caohai,and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for ecological restoration of inflowing rivers in yellow-brown soil regions of Guizhou.

关 键 词：黄棕壤 草海 入湖河道 河口湿地 生态修复 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]