论孟子的历史哲学  

On Mencius'Philosophy of History

作　　者：章启群[1] ZHANG Qi-qun(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期37-57,共21页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：孟子的历史哲学不同于他的历史观。只有在孟子历史哲学的基础上,他的历史观才具有某种合理性。孟子历史哲学认为,历史的发展实际上是“仁”的逻辑展开,或者说是“仁”的社会生活外化。首先,历史发展是有规律的;其次,历史发展的规律中呈现为一种周期性,这个周期是五百年;第三,历史的发展规律遵循着道德逻辑。这个逻辑是通过圣人、王者、“命世者”揭示出来的。尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武、周公、孔子是这个道统的代表人物。因此,孟子的历史哲学实质上建立了以儒家思想为核心的历史道统,这个历史道统深入人心两千多年,不仅成为古代中国政治运行圭臬,也是古代中国以政治文化为核心的学术、教育、思想等方面的精神灯塔。Mencius'philosophy of history holds that the development of history is essentially the logical unfolding of“Ren”(benevolence),or the externalization of“Ren”in social life.First,historical development follows a pattern;second,this pattern manifests as a cyclical process,recurring every five hundred years;third,the law of historical development adheres to a moral logic which is revealed through sages,kings,and“those destined to shape the age”.Yao,Shun,Yu,Tang,King Wen,King Wu,the Duke of Zhou,and Confucius are the representative figures of this moral tradition.Thus,Mencius'philosophy of history is fundamentally a historical orthodoxy centered on Confucian thought.This orthodoxy was deeply rooted in the hearts of people for over two thousand years,serving not only as the guiding principle for ancient Chinese political operations but also as a spiritual beacon for the academia,education,and thought in ancient China with the political culture at its core.

关 键 词：孟子 历史哲学 仁 儒家道统 圣贤体系 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]