轻罪时代成年人犯罪记录封存制度的规范构建  

Constructing a Standardized System for Sealing Adult Criminal Records in the Context of Minor Offenses

作　　者：梁云宝[1] 张宇航 LIANG Yun-bao;ZHANG Yu-hang(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2025年第3期121-129,F0003,共10页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“网络时代新型侵财行为的入罪理念与方法研究”(编号:19BFX075);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“数字经济安全刑事法律风险防范研究”(编号:2242024S30050)。

摘　　要：轻罪时代,成年人犯罪记录封存制度的构建既是现代刑事政策发展的必然趋势,也是促进轻罪犯罪人回归社会的重要保障。当前,我国仅有未成年人犯罪记录封存制度,面对成年人轻罪犯罪占比不断攀升的现状,亟须进行相关制度的创新。构建成年人轻罪犯罪记录封存制度需要解决四个关键问题:一是以法定最高刑期3年为基准,结合社会危害性、责任要素和政策需求确立轻罪认定标准;二是将刑事司法程序记录、涉罪记录和信息衍生记录纳入封存范围;三是采取依申请启动、双重审查的封存程序,以“先封存,后考察”的模式进行管理;四是完善配套措施,构建统一的信息管理体系、规范查询权限、建立反就业歧视救济机制、健全社会支持网络。通过制度设计,平衡惩戒与宽容,实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。The establishment of a criminal record sealing system for adults who commit minor offenses is both an inevitable trend in modern criminal policy development and an important safeguard for facilitating offenders'reintegration into society.Currently,China only has a system for sealing juvenile criminal records,while the proportion of adult minor offenses continues to rise,urgently calling for institutional innovation.Constructing a system for sealing minor offense records requires addressing four key issues.First,using a maximum statutory sentence of three years as the baseline,the criteria for defining minor offenses should be established by considering social harm,subjective elements,and policy needs.Second,the scope of sealed records should encompass criminal judicial procedure records,offense-related records,and derived information.Third,the sealing procedure should adopt an application-initiated,dual-review process,with a management model of seal first,evaluate later.Fourth,supporting measures need to be improved,including building a unified information management system,standardizing query permissions,establishing remedial mechanisms against employment discrimination,and strengthening social support networks.Through careful institutional design,this system aims to balance punishment with leniency and achieve unity between legal and social effects.

关 键 词：轻罪 犯罪记录封存 犯罪治理 规范构建 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]