基于FPGA的改进Sobel算子图像实时边缘检测系统  

Improved Sobel Operator Image Real-time Edge Detection System Based on FPGA

作　　者：于波[1] 田亚洲 任金贝 李华宇 YU Bo;TIAN Yazhou;REN Jinbei;LI Huayu(School of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Heilongjiang Province Oil and Gas Testing and Measuring Technology and Instrumentation Engineering Technology Research Center)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学物理与电子工程学院,黑龙江省油气测试计量技术及仪器仪表工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《仪表技术与传感器》2025年第3期116-121,共6页Instrument Technique and Sensor

基　　金：黑龙江省教育科学规划重点课题(GJB1421131)。

摘　　要：为了解决嵌入式软件不能对图像进行实时处理以及对带有噪声的图像处理效果不佳的问题,设计了基于改进Sobel算子的图像实时边缘检测系统,该系统在传统Sobel算子的基础上增加了检测方向和角度模板,并结合SCCB传输协议进行实时图像边缘检测,进一步提高视频图像的传输速度和质量。系统以FPGA作为数字主控核心,使用OV5640摄像头采集图像,将采集的图像数据缓存到视频图像处理模块,对该模块进行色彩空间转换和Sobel边缘检测工作,将边缘检测的图像数据缓存到SDRAM读写控制模块,VGA驱动模块从SDRAM中读取数据并控制VGA显示器对边缘检测结果进行显示。实验结果表明:该系统能够完成对图像边缘检测的实时快速精确识别,相较于传统的Sobel算法,改进后的算法在处理复杂图像和噪声点较多的图像方面更有优势,适合低延时以及噪声干扰较为严重的场合。In order to solve the problem that embedded software cannot process images in real time and the image with noise is not effective,a real-time image edge detection system based on improved Sobel operator was designed.The system added detection direction and angle template on the basis of traditional Sobel operator.Combined with SCCB transmission protocol,real-time image edge detection was carried out to further improve the transmission speed and quality of video images.The system used FPGA as the digital master core,used OV5640 camera to capture images,cached the captured image data to the video image processing module,performed color space conversion and Sobel edge detection work on the module,and then cached the edge detected image data to the SDRAM read-write control module,the VGA driver module read the data from SDRAM and controls the VGA monitor to display the edge detection results.The experimental results show that the system can achieve real-time,rapid and accurate identification of image edge detection.Compared with the traditional Sobel algorithm,the improved algorithm has more advantages in processing complex images and images with more noise points,and is suitable for low delay and serious noise interference occasions.

关 键 词：实时边缘检测 FPGA SCCB SOBEL算子 SDRAM 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]