青海高寒地区4种紫花苜蓿产量及营养价值评价  

Evaluation of Yield and Nutritional Value of Four Medicago sativa L.Varieties in Alpine Region of Qinghai

作　　者：郄晓旭 张生萍[1] 张群英[1] 赵国君 杜雪燕 王雷 郝力壮[1] 杨英魁 拜彬强[1] QIE Xiaoxu;ZHANG Shengping;ZHANG Qunying;ZHAO Guojun;DU Xueyan;WANG Lei;HAO Lizhuang;YANG Yingkui;BAI Binqiang(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Qinghai University,Qinghai Xining 810016,China;Haibei Prefecture Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center,Qinghai Haibei 812200,China;Qinghai Province Forage Technology Extension Station,Qinghai Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]海北州农牧产品质量安全检验检测中心,青海海北812200 [3]青海省饲草料技术推广站,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《饲料工业》2025年第8期20-27,共8页Feed Industry

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目青年基金项目[2022-ZJ-974Q];青海大学青年基金项目[2020-QNY-4];2023年度青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室开放基金课题[2023-KF-10];青海省“昆仑英才·乡村振兴人才”农业农村科技攻关人才项目;青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”领军人才项目。

摘　　要：紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种优选是牧草高产栽培的关键,本研究引进4个紫花苜蓿品种在青海高寒地区进行试种,测定样品的生产性能、农艺性状和营养成分,通过相关性和灰色关联度分析评价4个品种的生产特性。结果表明:各品种第2年的株高、茎粗均显著高于第1年,茎叶比除阿尔冈金品种外均显著低于第1年(P<0.05),WL319HQ和WL168HQ两品种第1年株高显著高于其他品种,茎叶比两年数据均高于其他品种;不同品种干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维含量和中性洗涤纤维含量无显著影响(P>0.05);年份对粗脂肪含量存在显著影响(P<0.05),对有机物、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量存在极显著影响(P<0.01),不同品种第2年有机物、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维含量存在不同程度的下降,阿尔冈金品种第2年粗脂肪含量存在显著增加(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维含量存在极显著增加(P<0.01);叶面积同酸性洗涤纤维呈显著正相关(P<0.05),同株高和茎粗呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),株高和茎粗均与粗蛋白含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。在高寒地区,植物的生长和演化受到环境因素的强烈影响。以上各年份的产量、农艺性状及营养成分的差异表明,随着时间的推移,各品种均表现出高纤维化的趋势。这一趋势也说明,第2茬生长受到抑制;综合分析表明,各品种在当地引种和推广价值的排序为WL319HQ>WL298HQ>WL168HQ>阿尔冈金。The optimal selection of Medicago sativa L.varieties is crucial for high-yield cultivation of forage.In this study,four varieties of Medicago sativa L.were introduced for trial planting in the alpine region of Qinghai,and the production perfor-mance,agronomic traits and nutritional compo-nents of the samples were measured,and the pro-duction characteristics of the four varieties were evaluated through correlation and grey relational analysis.The results showed that the plant height and stem thickness of each variety in the second year were significantly higher than those in the first year,and the stem-to-leaf ratio was signifi-cantly lower than that in the first year except for the Algonquin variety(P<0.05),the plant height of WL319HQ and WL168HQ varieties in the first year was significantly higher than that of other varieties,and the stem-to-leaf ratio was higher than that of other varieties in both years;there was no significant effect(P>0.05)on the dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,acid detergent fiber content,and neutral detergent fiber content of different varieties;the year has a significant effect on the content of crude fat(P<0.05),and has a highly significant effect on the content of organic matter,crude protein,neutral detergent fiber content,and acid detergent fiber content(P<0.01).Different varieties show varying degrees of decrease in organic matter,crude protein,and neutral detergent fiber content in the second year,while the Algonquin variety shows a significant increase in crude fat content(P<0.05)and an extremely significant increase in acidic detergent fiber content(P<0.01)in the second year.the leaf area was significantly positively correlated with acid detergent fiber(P<0.05),and was significantly positively correlated with plant height and stem diameter(P<0.01),and both plant height and stem thickness were extremely significantly negatively correlated with crude protein content(P<0.01).In alpine regions,the growth and evolution of plants are strongly influenced by environmental factors.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 品种 生产性能 营养价值 灰色关联度分析 

分 类 号：S816.11[农业科学—饲料科学]