6G新型天线技术:可移动天线技术的理论与应用  

6G Novel Antenna Technique:The Theory and Application of Movable Antenna

作　　者：赵丽 杨龙[1] 吕璐 贾子一 ZHAO Li;YANG Long;LV Lu;JIA Ziyi(School of Telecommunication Engineering,Xidian University,Xi'an 710071,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学通信工程学院,陕西西安710071

出　　处：《移动通信》2025年第4期13-19,共7页Mobile Communications

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“面向6G物联网的智能超表面赋能共生非正交传输技术研究”“面向Cell-Free网络的协同虚拟化与动态传输”(62271368,62371367);陕西省重点研发计划“工业互联网场景下基于协作NOMA的短数据包通信技术”(2023-ZDLGY-50);中央高校基本科研业务费(QTZX23066)。

摘　　要：随着6G场景对通信速率要求呈指数级增长,传统固定位置天线方案在能耗与成本方面的问题逐渐暴露。可移动天线(MA,Movable Antenna)技术作为一种新型可重构天线技术,将天线位置纳入新维度空间自由度,突破传统固定位置天线局限,大幅提高系统通信性能。在此背景下,首先深入介绍了MA的基本理论,涵盖其组成原理、物理形状、信道特性多个方面,并分析探讨了MA在接收信号功率、干扰抑制、波束赋形以及空间复用方面的性能增益。随后详细讨论了MA与可重构智能智能超表面等6G前沿技术的融合应用,指出MA对于多项技术领域的应用价值。最后,全面分析了MA当前面临的技术挑战与可行的解决方案,并以此对其未来可能的研究方向进行了展望,为MA技术发展提供参考。With the exponential growth of the demand for communication rates in 6G scenarios,the limitations of traditional fixed position antenna solutions in terms of energy consumption and cost are gradually emerging.As a novel reconfigurable antenna technology,the movable antenna(MA)technology incorporates the antenna position into a new dimension spatial degree of freedom,breaking through the limitations of traditional fixed-position antennas and improving the communication performance of the system significantly.In this context,this paper first introduces the basic theories of MA,covering its composition principles,physical shapes,and channel characteristics.Then,the performance gains of MA are analyzed,including the received signal power,interference mitigation,beamforming,and spatial multiplexing.Next,we discuss the integration of MA with 6G frontier technologies,such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,pointing out the application value of MA in multiple technical fields.Finally,this paper comprehensively analyzes the technical challenges of MA and proposes potential solutions.Future research directions are also outlined to provide valuable insights for the development of MA technology.

关 键 词：6G 多天线 可移动天线 空间自由度 

分 类 号：TN92[电子电信—通信与信息系统]