无人机在森林防火中应用的发展历程  

The Development Process of UAV Application in Forest Fire Prevention

作　　者：王天一 庞咏 和峰 朱志平 李权衡 杨浪浪 段海川 岳兴盛 张龙 庞占基 王守营 冯现沛 WANG Tianyi;PANG Yong;HE Feng;ZHU Zhiping;LI Quanheng;YANG Langlang;DUAN Haichuan;YUE Xingsheng;ZHANG Long;PANG Zhanji;WANG Shouying;FENG Xianpei(Kunming General Survey of Natural Resources Center,China Geological Survey,Kunming 650100,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心,云南昆明650100

出　　处：《温带林业研究》2025年第2期53-58,共6页Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基　　金：自然资源监测(昆明中心)项目(DD20230467)。

摘　　要：本文探究了无人机在森林防火领域的应用,包括其应用历程、现状以及未来发展趋势。首先探讨了无人机在森林防火领域的发展历程,早期无人机就已被用于火情监测和预警,尽管当时存在技术限制,但为后来的应用奠定了基础。随着技术的进步,无人机在多个方面取得了显著提升,如飞行时间、载荷能力、稳定性、操控性、传感器和成像技术等。这使其在森林防火的监测、预警、灭火和灾后评估等环节发挥着重要作用。在监测和预警方面,无人机能够实现实时数据传输和火情分析,还可构建无人机网络进行协同监测;在灭火方面,灭火剂的空中投放技术创新提高了灭火效率;在灾后评估方面,无人机能快速评估受损区域、分析火灾原因,助力灾后恢复和重建。无人机的智能化应用也在不断推进,引入了烟火识别算法、自主飞行和避障技术以及数据分析和决策支持系统。这虽然提高了监测和预警的准确性与效率,但也面临数据安全和隐私保护的挑战。明确指出无人机在森林防火中的应用将朝着更加智能化的方向不断发展。同时,结合近年来的研究热点,对其未来发展趋势进行了前瞻性的展望。未来,技术创新将持续推动无人机性能提升,完善的政策和管理体系将为其创造更优环境。无人机在森林防火中的应用发展迅速且前景广阔,将为保护森林资源和生态环境提供更有力的保障。In this paper,the application history,current situation and future development trend of UAV in the field of forest fire prevention were explored.First of all,the development of UAVs from the early days to the present was discussed.Early UAVs have been used for fire monitoring and early warning,although there were technical limitations at that time,it laid the foundation for subsequent applications.With the advancement of technology,UAVs have made significant improvements in several aspects,such as flight time,load capacity,stability,handling,sensors and imaging technology.This makes it play an important role in forest fire prevention monitoring,early warning,fire fighting and post-disaster assessment.In terms of monitoring and early warning,drones can realize real-time data transmission and fire analysis,and can also build a drone network for collaborative monitoring.In terms of fire fighting,the technological innovation of aerial delivery of fire extinguishing agent has improved the efficiency of fire fighting.In terms of post-disaster assessment,drones can quickly assess damaged areas,analyze the cause of fires,and assist in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.The intelligent application of drones is also advancing,with the introduction of fireworks recognition algorithms,autonomous flight and obstacle avoidance technologies,and data analysis and decision support systems.Although this improves the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring and early warning,it also faces the challenge of data security and privacy protection.It is clearly pointed out that the application of UAV in forest fire prevention will continue to develop in a more intelligent direction.At the same time,combined with the research hotspots in recent years,the future development trend is prospectively prospected.In the future,technological innovation will continue to promote the performance of drones,and perfect policies and management systems will create a better environment for them.The application of UAV in forest fire prevention is deve

关 键 词：无人机 森林防火 监测 预警 灭火 智能化 

分 类 号：S762.3[农业科学—森林保护学]