蒲公英叶和茎中多酚、多糖类成分解析及抗氧化、抗菌活性  

Component Analysis of Dandelion Leaf and Stem Polyphenol and Polysaccharide as well as Their Antioxidation and Antibacterial Functions

作　　者：徐雪峰 闫浩 杜金风 李桂娟 XU Xuefeng;YAN Hao;DU Jinfeng;LI Guijuan(College of Chemical and Material Engineering,Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology,Haikou 571126,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]海南科技职业大学化学与材料工程学院,海南海口571126

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2025年第8期182-190,共9页Food Research and Development

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2017016)。

摘　　要：蒲公英作为一种多年生药食同源的菊科属草本植物,富含多酚和多糖等活性成分,具有良好的抗氧化、抗菌活性。该研究以蒲公英叶、茎为研究对象,通过超声波辅助乙醇-水浸提制备蒲公英多酚提取物、水提醇沉法制备多糖提取物,利用液相色谱-质谱联用鉴定多酚提取物中酚类化合物,利用液相色谱鉴定多糖提取物中单糖组成。结果表明,蒲公英叶主要含咖啡酸(67.8 mg/g),蒲公英茎中主要含木犀草素(89.3 mg/g);叶、茎多糖中均含D-甘露糖、D-鼠李糖、D-葡萄糖醛酸、D-半乳糖醛酸、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、D-木糖7种单糖,其中茎多糖提取物中单糖含量占比前2位分别为D-半乳糖醛酸(11.779%)和D-半乳糖(9.758%),叶多糖提取物中单糖含量占比前2位分别为D-半乳糖(7.492%)和D-葡萄糖(5.876%)。此外,蒲公英茎多酚提取物较蒲公英叶多酚提取物具有更强的ABTS+自由基清除能力,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.59 mg/mL和0.76 mg/mL;并且蒲公英茎多酚提取物对表皮葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌效果,通过诱导细胞膜破裂产生的抗菌作用,其最低抑菌浓度为0.95 mg/mL,蒲公英叶或茎多糖提取物无抑菌效果。As an Asteraceae herbaceous plant,dandelion(Taraxacum mongolicum)has been used as a food and medicine homology for many years. Rich in active ingredients including polyphenols and polysaccharides, dandelion has ideal antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In this study,the dandelion leaf and stem were se⁃ lected as research objects. The dandelion polyphenol extract was prepared by ultrasonic⁃assisted ethanol⁃water extraction and phenolic compounds were identified by high pressure chromatography⁃mass spectrometry⁃mass spectrometry(HPLC⁃MS/MS). Besides,polysaccharide extract was prepared by water extraction and alcohol precipitation and the monosaccharide composition in the polysaccharide extract was identified by HPLC. The results showed that the the dandelion leaf mainly contained caffeic acid(67.8 mg/g)while the dandelion stem mainly contained luteolin(89.3 mg/g). D⁃mannose,D⁃rhamnose,D⁃glucuronic acid,D⁃galacturonic acid,D⁃ glucose,D⁃galactose,and D⁃xylose were found in the leaf and stem polysaccharides. In monosaccharide content percentage from the stem polysaccharide extract,the top two monosaccharides were D ⁃ galacturonic acid (11.779%)and D⁃galactose(9.758%). In contrast,the top two monosaccharides in the leaf polysaccharide ex⁃ tract were D⁃galactose(7.492%)and D⁃glucose(5.876%),respectively. In addition,the dandelion stem poly⁃ phenol extract had a stronger ABTS+ free radical scavenging ability than leaf polyphenol extract,with half⁃ maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 0.59 mg/mL and 0.76 mg/mL,respectively. Moreover,the dandelion stem polyphenol extract induced cell membrane rupture,exhibiting a notable inhibition effect on Staphylococ⁃ cus epidermidis,with minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.95 mg/mL,but the leaf or stem polysaccharide ex⁃ tract did not show any inhibition effect.

关 键 词：植物组织 活性成分 自由基清除能力 总还原力 表皮葡萄球菌 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]