基于改进社会力模型和蚁群算法的应急疏散研究  

Research on emergency evacuation based on improved social force model and ant colony algorithm

作　　者：翟龙真 冯绍红[2] 赵慕阶 ZHAI Longzhen;FENG Shaohong;ZHAO Mujie(School of Business and Trade,Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China;College of Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing Jiangsu 211106,China;Research Institute of Logistics and Supply Chain in Jiangsu Province,Nanjing Jiangsu 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业职业技术大学商务贸易学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京航空航天大学经济与管理学院,江苏南京211106 [3]江苏省物流与供应链研究院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2025年第4期173-181,共9页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：南京工业职业技术大学引进人才科研启动基金项目(项目批准号YK24-07-01);中国民用航空局项目:新时代民航安全文化建设效果评价机制和指标研究(ASSA2024/104)。

摘　　要：为了提高突发事件下行人应急疏散效率,基于社会力模型和蚁群算法,提出改进的行人应急疏散模型。针对传统社会力模型中期望速度不变的问题,综合考虑行人距离出口远近、所处位置拥挤程度以及行人对疏散环境的熟悉程度等因素,引入速度调节参数和熟悉度因子,提出更加准确的行人期望速度描述方法;针对行人间排斥力描述不准确的问题,基于分段函数的衰减因子,提出改进的行人间排斥力描述方法;针对传统蚁群算法收敛速度慢和容易陷入局部最优的问题,采用蜜獾算法,基于平滑函数和距离估算,提出基于蜜獾优化的蚁群算法。研究结果表明:基于改进社会力模型和蜜獾优化蚁群算法的应急疏散方法能够更加准确地描述行人疏散行为特征。研究结果可为提高疏散路线规划速度、提升疏散效率提供理论支撑。In order to improve the emergency evacuation efficiency of pedestrian under emergencies,an improved model of pedestrian emergency evacuation was proposed based on the social force model and ant colony algorithm.Aiming at the problem of constant expected speed in the traditional social force model,considering the factors such as the distance between the pedestrian and exit,the degree of congestion at the location and the familiarity of pedestrian to the evacuation environment,a more accurate description method of pedestrian expected speed was proposed by introducing the speed adjustment parameters and familiarity factors.Aiming at the problem of inaccurate description of repulsive force among pedestrian,an improved description method of repulsive force among pedestrian was proposed based on the attenuation factor of piecewise function.Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional ant colony algorithm,such as slow convergence speed and easy to fall into local optimum,an ant colony algorithm based on honey badger optimization was proposed by using the honey badger algorithm,smoothing function and distance estimation.The results show that the emergency evacuation method based on the improved social force model and honey badger optimization ant colony algorithm can describe the characteristics of pedestrian evacuation behavior more accurately.The research results can provide theoretical support for improving the speed of evacuation route planning and improving evacuation efficiency.

关 键 词：应急疏散 社会力模型 蚁群算法 蜜獾算法 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]