结直肠癌发生及发展机制的研究进展:以肿瘤生态位视角  

Research progress on mechanism of onset and development of colorectal cancer:From perspective of tumor niche

作　　者：张浩阳 达明绪 ZHANG Haoyang;DA Mingxu(The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,P.R.China;Department of Surgical Oncology,Gansu Provincial Hospital,Lanzhou 730000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学第一临床医学院,兰州730000 [2]甘肃省人民医院肿瘤外科,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国普外基础与临床杂志》2025年第4期521-528,共8页Chinese Journal of Bases and Clinics In General Surgery

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(项目编号:21JR7RA645);甘肃省人民医院院内科研基金项目(项目编号:20GSSY4-13)。

摘　　要：目的从肿瘤生态位的角度,总结结直肠细胞发生癌变、癌细胞发生及发展的机制以及它与结直肠癌肿瘤生态位的相互作用,为结直肠癌的预防、诊断及治疗探索新思路。方法检索近年来国内外有关结直肠癌发生及发展的机制研究以及它与结直肠癌肿瘤生态位关系研究的相关文献并进行综述。结果肿瘤生态学理论认为,正常的人体机体可以看作是一个相对封闭而完善的生态系统,机体内的每个正常组织或器官则是这个系统中的一个生态位,它们相互作用、相互影响、互利共生,形成了一种动态的生态平衡。肿瘤细胞作为不同于正常组织细胞的“新物种”,它在特定的条件下“入侵”了正常机体的生态系统,并与周围微环境相互作用、相互影响,即形成肿瘤生态位。从肿瘤生态位角度对当前文献进行检索分析,结果提示,结直肠细胞发生癌变有遗传因素,但大部分结直肠细胞发生癌变源于结直肠生态位的持续刺激,目前研究结论认为,结直肠细胞发生癌变与慢性炎症反应、肠道微生物、氧化应激、细胞焦亡等因素有关,癌变后最终形成结直肠癌后的细胞和组织生长首先需要突破结直肠生态位免疫系统的防御,免疫系统中的免疫细胞在结直肠癌发生及发展的肿瘤生态位中扮演着重要角色。结论肿瘤生态位概念的提出,在对研究肿瘤发生及发展机制时不再仅关注于肿瘤及其周围微环境,而是将肿瘤作为机体生态系统的一部分来研究。慢性炎症反应、肠道微生物、氧化应激、细胞焦亡、免疫细胞等因素对大部分结直肠细胞发生癌变、癌细胞发生及发展的机制有重要影响,并从多方面影响了结直肠癌进展。Objective To summarizes the mechanisms of carcinogenesis of colorectal cells,the occurrence and development of cancer cells,and their interactions with the tumor niche of colorectal cancer(CRC)from the perspective of the tumor niche,exploring new ideas for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of CRC.Method The relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years on the researches of mechanism of the occurrence and development of CRC and its relation with the tumor niche of CRC was searched and reviewed.Results The theory of tumor ecology indicates that the human normal body can be regarded as a relatively closed and perfect ecosystem.Each normal tissue and organ within the body represent a niche in this ecosystem,which interact,affect,and symbiotically coexist with each other,forming a dynamic ecological balance.Tumor cells,being a“new species”distinct from normal tissue cells,“invade”the ecological system of the normal body under specific conditions and interact with the surrounding microenvironment,which is defined as the tumor niche.Analysis of current literature retrieved from the perspective of the tumor niche suggested that,although genetic factors are involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cells,the majority of such carcinogenesis stems from the continuous stimulation of the colorectal niche.Current research primarily focuses on the conclusion that the carcinogenesis of colorectal cells is associated with factors such as chronic inflammatory response,intestinal microorganisms,oxidative stress,and pyroptosis.After carcinogenesis and the eventual formation of CRC,the growth of cancer cells and tissues first requires breaching the defense of the immune system in the colorectal niche.Immune cells in the immune system play a crucial role in the tumor niche during the occurrence and development of CRC.Conclusions The proposal of the tumor niche concept enables researchers,when studying the mechanisms of tumor occurrence and development,to no longer merely focus on the tumor and its microenviron

关 键 词：结直肠癌 肿瘤生态位 肿瘤细胞 肿瘤微环境 

分 类 号：R735.3[医药卫生—肿瘤]