核桃园智能灌溉模糊控制系统设计  

Design of Fuzzy Control System for Walnut Orchard Irrigation

作　　者：汤嘉盛 许燕[1,2] 彭炫 郑威强 TANG Jiasheng;XU Yan;PENG Xuan;ZHENG Weiqiang(School of Mechanical Engineering Xinjiang University,Xinjiang Urumqi 830047,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autono-mous Region Agricultural Robot and Intelligent Equipment Engineering Research Center,Xinjiang Urumqi 830047,China;Engineering Training Center Xinjiang University,Xinjiang Urumqi 830047,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学机械工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830047 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区农牧机器人及智能装备工程研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830047 [3]新疆大学工程训练中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830047

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2025年第4期217-222,228,共7页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：叶城县农产品销售“双线九进”和沪喀品牌推广项目(KSHSY20190901);新疆自治区科技支疆基金项目(2021E02049)。

摘　　要：针对中国南疆地区核桃种植传统灌溉方式存在的耗时费力、缺乏精准控制手段、水资源利用率低等问题,设计了一套基于模糊控制的核桃园智能灌溉系统。该系统采用无线Lora网络与4G网络融合的通信模式,采用STM32F103RBT6单片机作为控制芯片,利用电池融合太阳能充电技术,搭建核桃园无线传感网络。实时采集土壤墒情信息和环境气象信息,利用模糊控制器对作物蒸散量与平均土壤含水率的计算,进行灌溉决策。经实验结果分析,系统网络平均丢包率仅为1.26%,无线传感器监测节点精度最大误差为4.35%,最小可达0.53%,可以准确反应作物生长环境的变化并为灌溉决策提供支持。在灌溉控制实验中,系统可将灌区内根层平均土壤含水率始终保持在设定区间内,均值为19.98%。从而实现了远程对核桃园的精准灌溉,提高了水资源利用率和工作效率,减少了人力成本。Aiming at the problems of traditional irrigation methods for walnut planting in southern Xinjiang,such as time-con⁃suming,labor-intensive,lack of precise control methods,and low water resource utilization designed a set of intelligent irrigation system for walnut orchard based on fuzzy control.This system adopts a communication mode that integrates wireless Lora network and 4G network,using STM32F103RBT6 MCU as the control chip,adopt battery fusion solar power technology,constructed a Walnut Garden wireless sensor network.Through real-time monitoring of soil moisture and environmental information,calcula⁃tion of Crop Evapotranspiration and Average Soil Moisture Using Fuzzy Controller,making irrigation decisions.Analysis of exper⁃imental results,the average packet loss rate of the system network is only 1.26%,the maximum error of the accuracy of the wireless sensor monitoring node is 4.35%,and the smallest can reach 0.53%,it can accurately reflect the changes in crop growth environ⁃ment and provide support for irrigation decision-making.In the irrigation control experiment,the system can always keep the aver⁃age soil moisture content of the root layer in the irrigation area within the set interval,with an average value of 19.98%.So as to realize the precision irrigation of the walnut orchard remotely,not only improved water utilization and work efficiency,but also re⁃duced labor costs.

关 键 词：模糊控制 核桃园 智能灌溉 无线传感网络 单片机 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]