基于Simulink轮胎非线性特性对车辆转向影响分析  

Influence Analysis of the Tire Nonlinear Characteristics Under Vehicle Steering Based on Simulink

作　　者：姚鹏飞 和柯 王瑞红 YAO Pengfei;HE Ke;WANG Ruihong(Faculty of Engineering,Huanghe Jiaotong University,Henan Wuzhi 454950,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河交通学院工学部,河南武陟454950

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2025年第4期261-264,共4页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：河南省高校国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202013498009S)。

摘　　要：车辆与地面间的接触是通过轮胎得以实现,轮胎受力直接影响到车辆转向稳定性。针对轮胎转向过程受力进行分析,根据非线性特性,基于Fiala分析理论,对轮胎侧偏侧向力进行分析,获取与侧偏角之间关系;分析转向过程中,车轮外倾时所受的侧向力;获取轮胎侧倾刚度的影响因素;基于以上分析,获取轮胎侧偏对转角关系的影响。基于Simulink搭建轮胎及转向系统控制模型,与NI PXI在环实测系统相结合,模拟车辆实际运行工况;对双移线转向工况,轮胎受载特性及不同运行速度转向时,各车轮的受力情况;根据分析结果验证数学模型和仿真分析的可靠性。结果可知:在对车辆转向的受力分析时,必须考虑侧偏刚度随载荷的变化关系;车辆具有明显的不足转向特性;前轴两轮的轮胎受垂向力呈现相反的变化趋势,整车具有明显的外倾斜现象;侧向加速度、前外侧轮胎的侧倾角变化曲线仿真值与理论值变化曲线基本一致,峰值误差最大为6.19%,表明数学分析和模型的准确性,为此类设计研究提供参考。The contact between the vehicle and the ground is realized through the tire,and the tire force directly affects the steer⁃ing stability of the vehicle.According to the non-linear characteristics of tire force during running,the relationship between tire cornering force and cornering angle was studied.The lateral force of the wheel during the steering process was analyzed based on Fiala analysis theory.The influence of load variation on tire cornering stiffness was analyzed.Based on the above analysis,the in⁃fluence of tire cornering on the angle relationship was obtained.The control model of tire and steering system was built based on Simulink,which was combined with Ni PXI in the loop measurement system to simulate the actual operation condition of vehicle.Under the condition of double lane shift steering,the load characteristics of tire and the force of each wheel under different steer⁃ing speeds were analyzed.According to the analysis results,the reliability of the mathematical model and simulation analysis was verified.The results show that:in the force analysis of vehicle steering,the relationship between cornering stiffness and load must be considered.With the increase of steering speed,the radius of steering trajectory increases gradually,and the vehicle has obvious understeer characteristics.The vertical force on the tires of the two wheels of the front axle shows an opposite trend,and the whole vehicle has an obvious outward tilt phenomenon.The simulation value of lateral acceleration and front outer tire roll an⁃gle change curve is basically consistent with the theoretical value change curve,and the maximum peak error is 6.19%,which in⁃dicates the accuracy of mathematical analysis and model,and provides reference for such design and research.

关 键 词：汽车 轮胎 非线性特性 转向系统 侧偏角 侧倾刚度 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TP391.7[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] U463.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]