基于侧面碰撞安全性汽车B柱轻量化设计分析  

Lightweight Design and Analysis of Automobile B-Pillar Based on Side Impact Safety

作　　者：刘兰兰[1] 邱磊[2] LIU Lanlan;QIU Lei(Department of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangxi Technical College of Manufacturing,Jiangxi Nanchang 330096,China;Ningbo University of Technology,Zhejiang Ningbo 315336,China)

机构地区：[1]江西制造职业技术学院机械工程学院,江西南昌330096 [2]宁波工程学院,浙江宁波315336

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2025年第4期283-286,293,共5页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ191425);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ214703)。

摘　　要：B柱轻量化设计既要满足承载碰撞安全的要求,又要实现减重设计的目标。根据B柱在车身侧面碰撞过程中的相对位置,参考C-NACP测试工况要求,采用HyperMesh和LS-DYNA搭建整体仿真分析模型;获取台车以50km/h碰撞时,B柱5个观察点的侵入量和侵入速度变化;根据分析结果,采用等强度减薄公式,对B柱开展轻量化设计,本体材料减薄、关键区域增加补丁板,并对优化后方案的安全性和轻量化效果进行对比分析;针对某实际车型B柱进行补丁板方案的轻量化设计,对比仿真和实测结果,建立整车侧面碰撞分析模型;对B柱实施轻量化设计,对比优化前后的安全性差异;基于实车侧面碰撞测试,获取最大侵入量和侵入速度,并与仿真分析进行对比,对优化设计方案进行验证,并获取轻量化设计方案减重效果。结果可知:优化设计前后碰撞安全性得到明显提升,各关键参数优化效果在(10~20)%,同时轻量化效果明显;实车碰撞后,满足碰撞五星标准要求;侧面碰撞的实测结果与仿真结果则保持一致,二者的最大误差不超过5%;优化设计前,B柱重量为7.35kg,优化设计后的重量为6.58kg,减重10.5%,减重效果明显;结果表明,补丁板优化设计方案是可靠的,为此类设计提供参考。The lightweight design of B-pillar should not only meet the requirements of bearing and collision safety,but also achieve the goal of weight reduction design.According to the relative position of B-pillar in the process of body side impact and referring to the requirements of C-NACP test conditions,HyperMesh and LS-DYNA were used to build the overall simulation analysis model.The changes of intrusion volume and intrusion speed at 5 observation points of B pillar was obtained,when the trolley collides at 50km/h.According to the analysis results,the equal strength thinning formula was adopted to carry out the lightweight design of B column.The body material was thinned,and the patch plate was added in the key area.The safety and lightweight effect of the opti⁃mized scheme were compared and analyzed.The lightweight design of the patch plate scheme was carried out for the B-pillar of an actual vehicle.The simulation and measured results were compared,and the vehicle side impact analysis model was established.The lightweight design of B-pillar was implemented,and the safety differences before and after optimization were compared.Based on the real vehicle side impact test,the maximum intrusion volume and intrusion speed were obtained,compared with the simula⁃tion analysis,the optimized design scheme was verified,and the weight reduction effect of the lightweight design scheme was ob⁃tained.The results show that:position 3 has the maximum intrusion speed.Patch boards can be applied at positions 2 and 3 to im⁃prove security.The collision safety has been significantly improved before and after the optimization design,the optimization effect of key parameters is(10~20)%,and the lightweight effect is obvious.After real vehicle collision,meet the requirements of five-star collision standard.The measured results of side impact are consistent with the simulation results,and the maximum error between them is no more than 5%.Before the optimization design,the weight of B column is 7.35kg.After the optimization design,the

关 键 词：车身 B柱 侧面碰撞 安全性 轻量化 补丁板 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U467.1[机械工程—车辆工程]