社会支持及压力性生活事件在父母积极教养方式与高海拔地区青少年抑郁情绪之间的中介调节作用  

Mediating and moderating effects of social support and stressful life events on the relationship between parental positive parenting styles and depression among high altitude adolescents

作　　者：林越瑞 张雪倩 陈立娜 张亚静[3] 孙琦 刘华清[2] LIN Yuerui;ZHANG Xueqian;CHEN Lina;ZHANG Yajing;SUN Qi;LIU Huaqing(School of Psychology,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Huilongguan Hospital/Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School;College of Education,Hebei Normal University)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理学院,北京100048 [2]北京回龙观医院/北京大学回龙观临床医学院 [3]河北师范大学教育学院

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2025年第4期444-450,共7页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62107012)。

摘　　要：目的探究父母积极教养方式、社会支持、压力性生活事件和抑郁情绪的关系,为预防并改善高海拔地区青少年抑郁状况提供理论依据。方法于2024年1—3月,采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对青海省西宁市和玉树市的1597名高中生进行调查。结果父母积极教养方式显著负向预测抑郁情绪(父:β=-0.10,P<0.001;母:β=-0.07,P<0.01)。社会支持在父母积极教养方式和抑郁情绪之间起部分中介作用(父:β=-0.16,95%CI:-0.19~-0.13;母:β=-0.03,95%CI:-0.06~-0.01)。随着压力性生活事件水平的提升,父母积极教养方式对抑郁情绪的影响消失(父:从β=-0.10到β=0.02;母:从β=-0.08到β=0.00);社会支持对抑郁情绪的影响减弱(父:从β=-0.23到β=-0.12,母:从β=-0.26到β=-0.12)。结论父母积极教养方式不仅可以直接预测高海拔地区青少年抑郁情绪,也可以通过社会支持的中介作用间接预测高海拔地区青少年抑郁情绪,且受到压力性生活事件的调节。应通过提升父母积极教养水平、提升社会支持水平、及时处理压力性生活事件的方式,有效降低高海拔地区青少年抑郁情绪的发生。Objective To explore the relationships among parental positive parenting styles,social support,stressful life events,and depression,in order to provide theoretical evidence for preventing and improving depression among adolescents in high-altitude areas.Methods From January to March 2024,1597 high school students in Xining and Yushu cities of Qinghai Province were surveyed using theEgma Minnen av Bardndosna uppforstran(EMBU),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC),and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D).Results Positive parenting style was significantly negatively correlated with depression(father:β=-0.10,P<0.001;mother:β=-0.07,P<0.01).Social support partially mediated the relationship between parental positive parenting styles and depression(father:β=-0.16,95%CI:-0.19--0.13;mother:β=-0.03,95%CI:-0.06--0.01).As the level of stressful life events increased,the impact of parental positive parenting styles on depression disappeared(father:fromβ=-0.10 toβ=0.02;mother:fromβ=-0.08 toβ=0.00).The impact of social support on depression weakened with high stressful life events(father:fromβ=-0.23 toβ=-0.12;mother:fromβ=-0.26 toβ=-0.12).Conclusions Parental positive parenting styles can not only directly predict depression among adolescents in high-altitude areas but also indirectly predict it through the mediation of social support,and this relationship is moderated by stressful life events.The occurrence of depression among adolescents in high-altitude areas can be effectively reduced by enhancing parental positive parenting styles,increasing social support,and promptly addressing stressful life events.

关 键 词：父母积极教养方式 社会支持 压力性生活事件 抑郁情绪 高海拔地区 

分 类 号：R749.4[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]