兰·贾雷尔对南方新批评的反思和批判  

Randall Jarrell's Reflection on and Critique of the Southern New Criticism

作　　者：吴佳美 WU Jiamei

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学英语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2025年第1期20-30,共11页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：四川外国语大学科研项目“边缘与先锋:女性诗人与英美现代主义诗歌的兴起”(项目编号:sisu202010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：兰德尔·贾雷尔是南方新批评致力于培养的后逃逸者群体的核心成员,但最终成为“逃逸者”中的逃逸者。贾雷尔对南方新批评的反思和批判围绕趣味、诗歌结构和批评范式展开,对反映和建构美国20世纪中叶的诗学具有重要的话语功能。考察贾雷尔“现代主义已死”的论断,可发现其倡导诗歌回归日常性传统不仅是个人趣味的转向,亦是其缓解战后“自我”深陷疏离与隔绝、重建诗歌与读者之间对话的努力。贾雷尔强调诗歌结构的辩证性和“非统一”要素,这既是对新批评诗歌静态结构观的反驳,也成为贾雷尔以“反批评的批评”对抗学院式批评的理据。在文学的社会适用性问题上,贾雷尔的路径比南方新批评更具有时代合理性。Randall Jarrell was a core member of the post-fugitive group that the Southern New Critics endeavored to cultivate,but he ultimately became a fugitive among the"fugitives".Jarrell's reflection on and critique of the New Criticism center on taste,the structure of poetry and the critical paradigm,performing an important discursive function in constructing the aesthetics of American poetry in the midtwentieth century.Examining Jarrell's assertion that"Modernism is dead",we can find that Jarrell's advocacy of a return to ordinariness in poetry is not only a shift in personal taste,but his effort to alleviate the alienation and isolation of the post-war"self",and to re-establish the communication between poetry and common readers.Jarrell underlines the dialects of the structure of poetry and its non-unifying forces,which is not only a rebuttal of the New Criticism's belief in the static structure of poetry,but a theoretical support for his"amateur criticism"aagainst academic criticism.Compared with the Southern New Criticism,Jarrellian"anti-criticism criticism"is justified historically with regard to the issue of the applicability of literature to society.

关 键 词：趣味 诗歌结构 反批评的批评 兰德尔·贾雷尔 

分 类 号：I106.2[文学—世界文学]