大功率交流传动机车换轮原因分析及对策研究  

Analysis of Reasons and Countermeasures for Wheel Change in High-power AC-driven Locomotives

作　　者：石珮廷 纪长龙 杨延峰 覃栋 廖蛟龙 杨兴宽 SHI Peiting;JI Changlong;YANG Yanfeng;QIN Dong;LIAO Jiaolong;YANG Xingkuan(Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;China Railway Shenyang Group Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang Liaoning 110000,China;Locomotive Department,China Railway Nanning Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning Guangxi 530029,China;Xiangtang Locomotive Depot,China Railway Nanchang Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang Jiangxi 330201,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁路沈阳局集团有限公司,沈阳110000 [3]中国铁路南宁局集团有限公司机务部,南宁530029 [4]中国铁路南昌局集团有限公司向塘机务段,南昌330201

出　　处：《高速铁路新材料》2025年第2期68-74,共7页Advanced Materials of High Speed Railway

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研项目(2024YJ217);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划科研专项(P2023J007)。

摘　　要：为减少机车不必要的换轮,对典型机务段的换轮原因进行调研分析,结合换轮和旋修数据探究引发机车频繁换轮的主要故障,通过现场跟踪测试总结伤损的宏观特征和发展规律,利用金相检查研究伤损的产生机制和影响因素,并针对性地提出解决对策。结果表明:换轮量较大的本质原因是频发的踏面斜裂纹和横向裂纹,二者均属于连续型滚动接触疲劳裂纹;裂纹的萌生及扩展主要受轮轨蠕滑力、材料屈服强度和轮轨间低黏度液体影响。基于上述机理,提出的运维对策为试用较高屈服强度车轮、降低机车最大电制动力、提高增黏砂品质。In order to reduce unnecessary wheel change of locomotives,the causes of wheel change in typical locomotive depot were investigated and analyzed,the main faults causing frequent wheel change of locomotives were explored in combination with the data of wheel change and rotary repair,the macroscopic characteristics and development rules of damage were summarized through on-site tracking test,the generation mechanism and influencing factors of damage were studied by metallographic examination,and the solutions were put forward pertinently.The results show that the essential reason for the large displacement of replacement wheels is the frequent oblique cracks and transverse cracks on the tread,both of which belong to continuous rolling contact fatigue cracks;crack initiation and propagation are mainly affected by wheel-rail creep force,material yield strength and low viscosity liquid between wheel and rail.Based on the above mechanism,the operation and maintenance countermeasures proposed are to try out wheels with higher yield strength,reduce the maximum electric braking force of locomotives and improve the quality of sticky sand.

关 键 词：大功率机车 换轮原因 滚动接触疲劳 棘轮效应 

分 类 号：U269.6[机械工程—车辆工程]