晚年马克思用“斗争”回答了什么问题:一个澄清  

What Question Did Marx Answer with“Struggle”in His Later Years?A Clarification

作　　者：马天俊[1] MA Tianjun

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所暨哲学系

出　　处：《哲学分析》2025年第2期36-47,196,197,共14页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：马克思1880年在一次访谈中据说被提问“什么是存在”?他答以“斗争”。这个问答看来具有存在论上或一般哲理思辨上的特殊重要性。在汉语学界,不少哲学发挥由此而生。但是,越过汉语翻译,溯及原文,可见由“斗争”所回答的问题并非一个确切明了的提问。实际上,这一提问在表述上含混不清,简直不成句。它先被访谈者和记者斯温顿郑重报道,不久以后又被略去不提。基于这一问答的权威翻译,衍生不少哲理思辨或社会问题思考,恐为无源之水。而其他方式的翻译径直就是诠释,虽引人感悟崇高心性,亦恐为无源之水。In an 1880 interview,Marx is said to have been asked“,What is?”to which he replied“,Struggle.”This question and answer appear to hold special ontological or general philosophical significance.In the Chineselanguage context,considerable philosophical discourse has emerged around this exchange.However,beyond the Chinese translation and upon examining the original text,it becomes evident that the question answered by“struggle”was not precisely or clearly formulated.In fact,the question was so vague as to be nearly nonexistent,initially recorded seriously by the interviewer and journalist Swinton before being subsequently overlooked.Based on the authoritative translation of this exchange,numerous philosophical speculations and social theories have been derived,which may ultimately prove to be unfounded.An alternative approach to translation involves direct interpretation,which,while potentially inspiring and profound,similarly risks being without solid foundation.

关 键 词：马克思 斯温顿 存在 斗争 翻译 诠释 

分 类 号：A1[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]