否定的进步观:论艾米·埃伦的进步主义批判  

The Negativistic Conception of Progress:On Amy Allen’s Critique of Progressivism

作　　者：孙秀丽 SUN Xiuli

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2025年第2期92-105,198,共15页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般项目“法兰克福学派批判理论的全球正义思想研究”(项目编号:2023BKS005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：进步观念是法兰克福学派批判理论的重要论题。以阿多诺为代表的早期批判理论家批判进步拜物教和线性进步观,揭示了启蒙进步主义的困境,但未关注批判的规范基础问题。哈贝马斯及当代批判理论家虽然在后形而上学的框架下理解进步,但预设了解放承诺和价值在认知和规范上的优越性,未对进步主义的道德和认知强制进行批判,因而在某种意义上陷入了进步主义意识形态。艾米·埃伦试图通过对批判理论的进步主义信念进行内在批判,在批判理论的规范基础层面上对进步问题进行主题化和当代化,完成批判理论的解殖化任务。在她看来,进步是否定性的,并非“事实”,而是开放动态的历史过程,其中蕴含理性与权力的纠缠。进步概念的合理性基础不在于其作为历史叙事合理化的原则,而在于其向未来解放敞开的实践潜能。在后殖民主义时代,埃伦的视角对深入理解批判理论的批判性和解放性,重思进步的观念和实践具有重要意义。The conception of progress is an important topic in the Frankfurt School critical theory.The first generation of critical theorists,represented by Adorno,criticized both the fetishization of progress and the linear view of progress,revealing the dilemma of Enlightenment progressivism.However,they failed to ground the normativity of their critique.The representative of the second generation,Habermas,and contemporary critical theorists,while understanding progress within a post-metaphysical framework,presuppose the cognitive and normative superiority of emancipatory claims and values.They fall short in criticizing the moral and cognitive coercion of progressivism,and thus,in a sense,fall into progressivist ideology.As a representative of the new generation of critical theory,Amy Allen attempts to decolonize critical theory by immanently criticizing its progressivist beliefs and by thematizing and contemporizing the issue of progress at the level of the normative foundations of critical theory.In her view,progress is negative;it is not a“fact”but an open,dynamic historical process that involves the entanglement of reason and power.The rational basis of the concept of progress lies not in its role in rationalizing historical narratives,but in its practical potential to open up the space for future emancipation.In the post-colonial era,Amy Allen’s perspective holds significant importance for maintaining the critical and emancipatory nature of critical theory and for rethinking the notion and practice of progress.

关 键 词：批判理论 解殖化 进步主义批判 解放 规范性 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]