意识的科学理论与内省——内省报告的理论角色与局限  

Scientific Theories of Consciousness and Introspection:The Theoretical Role and Limitations of Introspective Reports

作　　者：刘皓滢 LIU Haoying

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2025年第2期142-155,199,共15页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“意识整合信息理论的哲学基础研究”(项目编号:2022EZX002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：内省是认识意识最直接的方式,因此研究意识的当代科学家也需要采纳来自内省的信息。全局工作空间理论、高阶理论、整合信息理论等当代主流意识科学理论都使用了内省。然而,在构建意识理论时,内省的使用并非多多益善。内省可以提供仅表明某状态是否有意识的“有无式报告”,也可提供试图描述意识状态的“形态式报告”。整合信息理论以其对形态式报告(“公理”)的倚重而显得更重视内省,然而对形态式报告的倚重也为整合信息理论的理论构建带来了一系列难点。如何从内省得到的形态式报告中解读相应的物理特征,是意识理论研究必须深入探讨的课题。Introspection is the most direct method to know consciousness,which necessitates the consideration of the input from introspection in the course of scientific studies of consciousness.This paper examines the use of introspection in the theoretical construction of mainstream theories of consciousness,including Global Workspace Theory,Higher-Order Theory,and Integrated Information Theory,which all utilize introspection to some degree.However,introspection must be used with caution when constructing theories of consciousness.Introspection may offer“Yes/No”-reports about whether particular states are conscious,or it may offer“morphological reports”that describe conscious experiences.Integrated Information Theory appears to put more weight on introspection due to its emphasis on morphological reports(“axioms”),but its reliance on morphological reports also incurs a series of difficulties for its theoretical construction.It is concluded that theoretical studies of consciousness should examine the task of drawing physical features corresponding to consciousness based on introspective morphological reports.

关 键 词：意识 内省 全局工作空间理论 高阶理论 整合信息理论 

分 类 号：B80[哲学宗教—思维科学]