角膜内皮失代偿的治疗研究进展  

Advances in therapy of corneal endothelial decompensation

作　　者：方菲(综述) 邵春益[1] 傅瑶(审校)[1] Fang Fei;Shao Chunyi;Fu Yao(Department of Ophthalmology,Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院眼科,上海市眼眶病眼肿瘤重点实验室,上海200011

出　　处：《中华实验眼科杂志》2025年第4期373-377,共5页Chinese Journal Of Experimental Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82471039、82471040、82271041);上海市优秀学术/技术带头人计划(22XD1401800);上海交通大学医学院“研究型医师”(20191914)。

摘　　要：角膜内皮层由角膜内皮细胞构成,可起到离子泵和屏障的作用,维持角膜正常生理功能。成人角膜内皮细胞受损后由周边细胞移行扩展代偿,过度损伤则可发生角膜内皮失代偿,引起角膜水肿、视力下降。目前角膜内皮失代偿常用的治疗方式是角膜内皮移植手术。近年来,国内外研究者对内皮细胞增殖分化机制进行研究,许多角膜移植的替代治疗方法也被提出,包括内皮细胞再生、干细胞分化、细胞移植疗法、组织工程技术、人工合成内皮。细胞移植疗法和人工合成内皮已有研究获批进入临床试验阶段,其他方法仍在基础研究阶段,临床治疗效果尚未可知。本文综述了角膜移植替代疗法的研究进展,以期寻找因为供体缺乏而导致角膜内皮失代偿手术治疗受限的解决办法,早日实现科研成果的临床转化。Corneal endothelial cells act as an ion pump and barrier to maintain corneal transparency and normal physiological function.Once injured,adult corneal endothelial cells are compensated by the migration and expansion of peripheral cells.Excessive injury leads to corneal endothelial decompensation,resulting in corneal edema and visual loss.At present,the common treatment is corneal endothelial transplantation.In recent years,the mechanism of endothelial cell proliferation,differentiation and adhesion has been extensively studied.Alternative therapies for corneal transplantation have also been proposed,including endothelial cell regeneration,induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation,cell transplantation,tissue engineering,and artificial endothelial layer.Cell transplantation and artificial endothelial layer have been approved for clinical trials,while others are still in the basic research stage and their clinical effects are still uncovered.This article reviews the research progress on corneal endothelial cell decompensation in order to find a solution to the shortage of corneal donors and to achieve clinical transformation of scientific research results as soon as possible.

关 键 词：角膜内皮细胞 角膜移植 组织工程 干细胞 

分 类 号：R772.2[医药卫生—眼科]