再探福船多层船壳板的制造和历史  

Re-examining the Construction and History of Multi-layered Hull Planking in Fujian Ships

作　　者：段燕飞 DUAN Yanfei

机构地区：[1]福建省泉州海外交通史博物馆

出　　处：《福建史志》2025年第2期50-60,92,共12页

摘　　要：远洋航海、大型化是福船多层船壳板技术使用的必要条件,它解决了大型海船船板厚度增加时船壳板曲度制作的核心问题。多层板技术目前最早见于唐代河船出土物,尖底福船充分运用此技术主要在宋代。南宋末期的泉州宋船展现了多层板技术的成熟形式,过去对此船重板技艺中的鱼鳞搭接技术多有误解。据重新发现的1975年手绘考古图和现场查验,发现每层船壳板在形成鱼鳞梯级处并没有刻意用外板压住底层的船板缝隙,工匠制作时也比今天已知的要灵活许多。综合考古和史料,该技术在元代仍有传承,明代产生变化,清代衰微,今天几近断绝。福船多层船壳板技术是中国古代海洋文明兴衰的见证物之一。The application of multi-layered hull planking technology in Fujian ships was necessitated by requirements for oceanic voyages and large-scale vessels,addressing the core challenge of creating curved hull planking for increasingly thicker ship timbers in large seafaring ships.The earliest known use of this multi-layered planking technology currently dates back to unearthed river vessels from the Tang Dynasty,while its full utilization in sharp-bottomed Fujian ships primarily occurred during the Song Dynasty.The Quanzhou shipwreck from the late Southern Song Dynasty demonstrates the maturity of this technology,and reveals the previously-various misunderstandings about the fish-scale overlapping technique in layered planking.Based on rediscovered 1975 hand-drawn archaeological diagrams and on-site examinations,it has been determined that at each fish-scale stepped joint,the outer layer of planking did not intentionally overlap the gaps in the underlying planks,and the craftsmen’s methods were considerably more flexible than currently understood.Comprehensive archaeological and historical evidence indicates this technology persisted through the Yuan Dynasty,underwent modifications during the Ming Dynasty,declined in the Qing Dynasty,and has nearly disappeared today.The multi-layered hull planking technique of Fujian ships stands as one of the material witnesses to the rise and fall of China’s ancient maritime civilization.

关 键 词：福船 海洋贸易 多层板 鱼鳞搭接 

分 类 号：K875[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]