2024年广东省气候异常特征及主要天气气候事件  

Characteristics of Climate Anomalies and Major Weather and Climate Events in Guangdong Province in 2024

作　　者：杜晖 胡娅敏[1] 李芷卉 汪明圣[1] 庄燕洵 DU Hui;HU Yamin;LI Zhihui;WANG Mingsheng;ZHUANG Yanxun(Guangdong Climate Center,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省气候中心,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东气象》2025年第2期1-5,共5页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2142205);广东省基础与应用基础研究重大专项(2020B0301030004);广东省气象联合基金(2024A1515510011);中国气象局创新发展专项基金(CXFZ2023 J027);中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2025-096);珠江流域(华南区域)气象科研开放基金(ZJLY202426-GD03);广东省气候中心科研项目(QH202412)。

摘　　要：2024年广东气候表现为暖湿特征。全省平均年气温22.8℃,较常年偏高0.7℃,为1961年以来并列第2高。全省平均年降水量2133.8 mm,较常年偏多19%;4—9月降水连续偏多,该现象历史首次出现;汛期(2024年为4月5日—10月19日)降水1908.6 mm,较同期偏多31%,为历史汛期第2多;4—6月降水量1164.7 mm(历史第一)较常年(765.5 mm)偏多52%;4月暴雨创1981年以来最强;多次出现阶段性干旱,12月粤西、粤北出现中到重度干旱。有1个台风登陆广东(较常年偏少2.7个),4个带来风雨影响(较常年偏多1.9个),2号台风“马力斯”6月1日在阳江阳西登陆,初台登陆日期较常年偏早23 d。高温日数27.8 d,较常年偏多6.3 d。强对流天气频繁,龙卷异常多,共出现22次龙卷。有3次强冷空气过程。出现云对地闪电2.6×10^(6)次,平均闪电密度为12.87次·km^(-2)·a^(-1),平均雷电流29.74 kA。In 2024,the climate of Guangdong Province exhibited warm and humid characteristics.The annual average temperature across the province was 22.8℃,which was 0.7℃higher than the longterm average,ranking as the second highest since 1961.The annual average precipitation was 2133.8 mm,19%more than the longterm average.From April to September,the precipitation was continuously above average,a phenomenon observed for the first time in history.During the flood season(April 5 to October 19,in the case of 2024),the precipitation reached 1908.6 mm,31%more than the same period in previous years,making it the second highest in history.From April to June,the precipitation was 1164.7 mm(the highest on record),52%more than the longterm average(765.5 mm).The heavy rainfall in April was the strongest since 1981.Several periods of drought occurred,with moderate to severe drought observed in western and northern Guangdong in December.One typhoon made landfall in Guangdong(2.7 fewer than the longterm average),and four typhoons brought wind and rain impacts(1.9 more than the longterm average).Typhoon“Maliksi”,the second typhoon of the year,landed in Yangxi,Yangjiang on June 1,23 days earlier than the average first typhoon landfall date.The number of hightemperature days was 27.8,6.3 days more than the longterm average.Severe convective weather was frequent,with an unusually high number of tornadoes,totaling 22 occurrences.There were three strong cold air processes.Cloudtoground lightning strikes occurred 2.6×10^(6)times,with an average lightning density of 12.87 strikes·km^(-2)·year^(-1)and an average lightning current of 29.74 kA.

关 键 词：气候学 降水 气温 气象灾害 广东省 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]