珠江大藤峡工程蓄水后南木江鱼类资源现状及保护对策  

Status of Fish Resources in the Nanmujiang River and Protection Countermeasures After the Impoundment of Datengxia Project in the Pearl River

作　　者：马海涛 闭小棉 徐林 周佳伟 陈一竹 MA Haitao;BI Xiaomian;XU Lin;ZHOU Jiawei;CHEN Yizhu(Guangzhou Pearl River Water Resource Protection Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510610,China;Guangxi Datengxia Gorge Water Conservancy Development Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530200,China;Scientific Institute of Pearl River Water Resources Protection,Guangzhou 510635,China)

机构地区：[1]广州珠江水资源保护科技发展有限公司,广东广州510610 [2]广西大藤峡水利枢纽开发有限责任公司,广西南宁530200 [3]珠江水资源保护科学研究所,广东广州510635

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2025年第2期48-53,67,共7页Environmental Impact Assessment

基　　金：水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022063)。

摘　　要：大藤峡水利枢纽工程蓄水后改变了南木江水文情势,形成了新的鱼类洄游通道。为掌握大藤峡工程蓄水后南木江鱼类资源现状,本文于2022年5—9月对南木江生境条件及鱼类资源进行了调查。结果表明,南木江河道自然性较好、生境多样性高、结构复杂,具有良好的生境质量;南木江共调查到鱼类48种,隶属7目14科,以鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鱼类最多,其次为鲈形目(Perciformes)鱼类;主要优势种为海南鲌(Culter recurviceps)、齐氏罗非鱼(Coptodon zillii)、海南似(Toxabramis houdemeri)等,渔获物以小型鱼类为主,鱼类组成与西江干流广西段基本一致;鱼类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)为2.37,Pielou均匀度指数(J)为0.61,Simpson优势度指数(D)为0.18,Margalef丰富度指数(d)为6.02,鱼类组成结构较为复杂,多样性丰富。建议划定南木江栖息保护区并设立禁渔期、加强河湖及渔政管理、实施生态调度并持续跟踪监测,以维护其洄游通道的生态功能,保护区域水生态健康。The impoundment of the Datengxia Project has changed the hydrological situation of the Nanmujiang River and formed a new fish migration corridor.In order to obtain current status of fish resources in the Nanmujiang River after the impoundment of Datengxia Project,a survey was conducted from May to September 2022 on the habitat conditions and fish resources.The results indicate that the Nanmujiang River channel has good naturalness,high habitat diversity,complex structure and good habitat quality.A total of 48 species of fish belonging to 7 orders and 14 families were investigated,with the most fishes in the order Cypriformes,followed by Perciformes.The main dominant species were Culter recurviceps,Tilapia zillii,Toxabramis houdemeri,etc.The catches were mainly small fish,and the composition of fish species was basically the same as that in Guangxi section of the Xijiang River Basin.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H)of fish was 2.37,the Pielou evenness index(J)was 0.61,the Simpson dominance index(D)was 0.18,and the Margalef abundance index(d)was 6.02.Fish composition was more complex and diverse.It is suggested to implement measures such as delimiting the Nanmujiang habitat protection area and establishing a fishing ban period,strengthening river,lake and fisheries management,implementing ecological scheduling,continuously tracking and monitoring,so as to maintain the ecological functions and protect the health of regional aquatic ecology.

关 键 词：大藤峡工程 南木江 鱼类资源 种类组成 保护对策 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]