基于SMC-MRAS的永磁同步电动机无传感器控制  

Sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on SMC-MRAS

作　　者：韩琨 谭卫林 袁雷 HAN Kun;TAN Weilin;YUAN Lei(Xiaomi Technology(Wuhan)Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]小米科技(武汉)有限公司,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北工业大学太阳能高效利用及储能运行控制湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《电气应用》2025年第4期45-51,共7页Electrotechnical Application

基　　金：电磁能技术全国重点实验室项目(6142217210301);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划重点项目(D20221401);湖北省高层次人才项目(GCC2024003)。

摘　　要：永磁同步电动机凭借其高功率密度、轻量化、调速范围宽与动态响应快等优点,广泛应用于各行各业,但其无传感器控制存在参数敏感、低速观测困难及抗扰性不足等问题。传统模型参考自适应(MRAS)算法依赖精确的电动机模型,在参数摄动或负载突变时,易引发转子位置观测误差,进而影响控制性能。提出一种融合滑模控制(SMC)与MRAS算法的SMC-MRAS控制策略,通过滑模面的动态误差约束和自适应律设计,增强观测器对参数变化与外部扰动的鲁棒性,提升全速域控制准确度。基于MATLAB/Simulink代码自动生成的电动机控制测试平台验证了所设计控制算法的有效性,实验结果表明,相较于传统的MRAS,所提控制策略中电动机起动阶段超调更小,稳态状态下的转速波动降低约30%,并且具有良好的动态稳定性。Permanent magnet synchronous motors have been widely used in various industries due to their highpower density,lightweight,wide speed range,and fast dynamic response.However,sensorless control faces challenges such as parameter sensitivity,difficulty in low-speed observation,and insufficient anti-interference ability.The traditional model reference adaptive system(MRAS)algorithm relies on an accurate motor model,which can easily lead to rotor position observation errors when parameters are perturbed or load changes occur,thereby affecting control performance.This paper proposes an SMC-MRAS control strategy that integrates sliding mode control(SMC)and MRAS algorithm.Through dynamic error constraints on the sliding surface and adaptive law design,the robustness of the observer to parameter changes and external disturbances is enhanced,and the control accuracy in the full speed domain is improved.The effectiveness of the designed control algorithm was verified on a motor control testing platform automatically generated based on MATLAB/Simulink code.The experimental results showed that compared with the traditional model reference adaptive control algorithm,the proposed control strategy had smaller overshoot during the motor start-up phase,about 30%lower steady-state speed fluctuations,and good dynamic stability.

关 键 词：永磁同步电动机 无传感器控制 鲁棒性 SMC-MRAS 

分 类 号：TM341[电气工程—电机]