从固体表面物理原理探讨液体表面张力的微观机制  

Exploring the microscopic mechanism of liquid surface tension from the[JZ]principles of solid surface physics

作　　者：周华 秦然 徐金朋 盖志刚[1] 刘建强[1] 刘凤芹[1] ZHOU Hua;QIN Ran;XU Jin-peng;GAI Zhi-gang;LIU Jian-qiang;LIU Feng-qin(School of Physics,National Physical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;High School Attached to Shandong Normal University,Jinan,Shandong 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学物理学院,物理国家级实验教学示范中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东师范大学附属中学,济南山东250014

出　　处：《大学物理》2025年第3期24-28,共5页College Physics

基　　金：中国高等教育学会"2023年度高等教育科学研究规划课题"重点项目(23LK0203);山东大学教育教学改革研究项目(2023Y297,2024Z24);教育部高等学校大学物理课程教指委立项项目(DJZW202320hd,DJZW202363)资助;山东省本科教学改革项目(Z2024030)。

摘　　要：无论是在中学还是大学物理教学中学生对于液体表面张力的微观机制理解都存在困难,目前实验上也难以对表面微观结构进行观测,使得液体表面张力微观机制的揭示一直以来都是科学领域的一个难题.为了更加深入的理解和探究这个科学问题,本文基于类比固体表面重构的基本原理并通过动力学模拟方法进行论证,探讨了液体表面张力来源于液体表面层分子间距变大,分子之间表现为引力作用,因此表面上存在与液面相切的张力作用.Whether in high school or university physics education,students often find it difficult to understand the microscopic mechanism of liquid surface tension.Currently,it is also challenging to observe the microscopic structure of the surface experimentally,making the revelation of the microscopic mechanism of liquid surface tension a persistent scientific problem.To gain a deeper understanding and exploration of this scientific issue,based on the basic principles analogous to solid surface reconstruction and through dynamic simulation methods,we explore that liquid surface tension arises from the increased intermolecular distances in the liquid surface layer,with molecules exhibiting attractive forces between each other.Therefore,there exists a tangential tension on the surface.

关 键 词：液体表面张力 离子晶体表面 水 分子动力学模拟 

分 类 号：O4-1[理学—物理]