汉史传文说发覆  

Revealing the Secrets of Historical Biographies in Chinese History

作　　者：许结[1] XU Jie

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期96-107,共12页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“辞赋艺术文献整理与研究”(17ZDA249)。

摘　　要：自唐代迄于清世,学界出现了对汉史传文的质疑,其对象由《史记》兼及《汉书》的传记作品,其焦点又聚集于对辞赋作品的大量载录,并延伸及对《文选》载汉文“首赋”的批评。这一质疑的思想关键在反对汉史载文重修辞夸饰而轻经义致用。甄考其说并发覆其义,这种质疑源于在汉史载文后渐次形成的经义说及文体观对汉代广义性之文辞的误读。考察汉史载文,突出在诏令、奏议与辞赋,实以用“经”取“义”的写作与言说,建构当朝因王政而呈示的王言,其传承三代而造就新朝的君主制度及其文法,则形成了特有的帝国章句。而汉代史家如司马迁主张“成一家之言”与以史载文的关联,汉人广义的文辞观,以及包括辞赋作品在内的致用思想,正是其一代文运的呈现。Since the Tang Dynasty and up to the Qing Dynasty,the scholarly world has questioned the biography of Han history,the object of which is the biographical works from both the Shiji and the Hanshu,and the focus of which is gathered in a large number of recordings of the works of rhetoric and Fu,and extends to the criticism of the WenXuan on the“first Fu”in the Han text.The key of this questioning thought is against the fact that Han history works contain texts that emphasize rhetorical exaggeration and pay attention to the use of the classics and righteousness.This questioning stems from the misinterpretation of the Han Dynasty’s wide-ranging rhetoric through the gradual formation of the concepts of scripture and literary style after the Han historical texts.An examination of the Han history texts,particually the edicts,petitions and rhymed writings,indicates that“classics”are used extreat“meaning”in written and spoken forms,the purpose of which is to construct the emperor’s words indicting the emperor’s government.The monarchical system and its grammatical inheritance of the three generations and the creation of a new dynasty,the formation of a unique imperial chapter and verse.The Han historians,such as Sima Qian,who advocated the connection between the“formation of a family”and the use of history as a vehicle for writing,the Han people’s broad view of literature and rhetoric,and the idea of utility,including the works of rhetoric and fugue,were precisely the manifestations of their generation’s literary fortunes.

关 键 词：汉史传文 尚言传统 文法 章句 一代文运 

分 类 号：I207.9[文学—中国文学]