不同施肥模式对‘福鼎大毫茶’密植茶园的白茶产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Fertilizations on Yield and Quality of White Teas Made of‘Fudingdahaocha’Shoots from Densely Planted Bushes

作　　者：陈贤玉 CHEN Xianyu(Fuding Tea Technology Promotion Station,Fuding,Fujian 355200,China)

机构地区：[1]福鼎市茶产业发展中心,福建福鼎355200

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2025年第1期46-54,共9页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：福鼎市茶产业发展中心技术服务项目(2022350004000426);中国白茶研究院有机白茶研究所(2021-2024年);福建茶园化肥减施增效技术示范基地建设(CXLM202202)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施肥模式对密植茶园的白茶产量和品质的影响,为密植茶园科学施肥提供参考。【方法】以密植茶园种植的‘福鼎大毫茶’品种茶树为研究对象,撒施+复合肥(CK)为对照,设置4种施肥模式,分别为沟施+复合肥(T1)、沟施+茶树专用肥(T2)、沟施+茶树专用肥/修剪枝(T3)和穴施+茶树专用肥(T4),开展田间试验,并分析各处理下茶鲜叶产量、白茶感官品质及其主要品质成分的差异。【结果】与CK相比,T2的芽头密度、百芽重和产量显著提高,T3的芽头密度和产量显著提高。和CK相比,各处理滋味甘醇度和花香程度均提高。T1和T2的感官总分较CK分别提高1.95分和1.40分,其余处理滋味稍高于CK。尽管茶多酚和游离氨基酸总量在不同减施模式间差异不显著,施肥处理样品酚氨比有小幅下降,提高了茶叶样品的鲜爽度和适口性。苯甲醇、苯乙醇、芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、壬醛等是区分不同处理的关键香气物质,苯乙醇、芳樟醇和β-紫罗兰酮及(E)-2-壬烯醛等关键物质构成T2和T4花香属性的形成。【结论】“沟施+茶树专用肥”(T2)施肥模式一定程度上增加了茶叶产量并改善白茶滋味和香气品质,为密植茶园最优施肥模式。【Objective】Effects of various fertilizer applications on the yield and quality of white tea made of leaves plucked from densely cultivated bushes were analyzed to optimize the operation at plantations.【Method】Camellia sinensis cv.Fudingdahao plants were densely planted at a tea plantation under various methods of fertilization.The testing lots were either spread with a compound fertilizer as control(CK)or treated by furrowing the compound fertilizer(T1),furrowing a specially formulated fertilizer(T2),furrowing the special fertilizer and pruning the bushes(T3)or burrowing the special fertilizer(T4).Leaf yield of the bushes as well as chemical composition and sensory quality of the white teas made were determined.【Result】In comparison to CK,the treatment of T2 helped grow tea plants significantly higher on bud density,hundred shoots weight,and leaf yield;T3,on bud density and leaf yield;all treatments,on taste and aroma of brewed teas;and T1 and T2,on sensory evaluation scores(1.95 and 1.40 points higher than CK,respectively).The contents and ratios of tea polyphenols and free amino acids of the teas did not significantly differ by the varied treatments.The polyphenol/free amino acids ratios of the teas grown under the treatments were slightly lower than that of CK.A low ratio,in fact,meant high on the freshness connotation of the brewed teas.Benzyl alcohol,phenylethanol,linalool,β-ionone,3,5-octadien-2-one,and nonanal were the key chemicals that distinguished the different teas.Phenylethanol,linalool,β-ionone,and(E)-2-nonanal were the critical compounds that contributed to the floral aroma of the T2 and T4 treatment teas.【Conclusion】By furrowing the compound fertilizer on the ground for fertilization,the tea plants cultivated increased leaf yield and produced white tea with improved sensory quality.Meanwhile,the use of fertilizer could be reduced at a densely planted plantation.

关 键 词：密植茶园 减施模式 茶叶产量 白茶品质 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]