退耕还林还草工程对陕北地区生态系统服务的影响  

Effect of the Grain for Green Program on Ecosystem Services in Northern Shaanxi,China

作　　者：安健吉 员学锋[1,2] 杨悦 安骐岷 苏强俊 AN Jian-ji;YUAN Xue-feng;YANG Yue;AN Qi-min;SU Qiang-jun(School of Land Engineering,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation,Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学土地工程学院,西安710054 [2]陕西省土地整治重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第4期2410-2427,共18页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371210);陕西省创新能力支撑计划创新团队项目(2024RS-CXTD-55);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(30010235203)。

摘　　要：以陕北地区为研究区域,量化评估生态系统固碳、产水、土壤保持和食物供给服务,判断退耕还林还草工程的实施区域和类型,从时空格局、热点分布和权衡与协同关系等方向综合分析退耕还林还草工程对陕北地区生态系统服务的影响.结果表明:①2000~2020年陕北地区生态系统碳储量、产水量、土壤保持量和食物产量分别增加0.19亿t(2.63%)、11.56亿m^(3)(51.35%)、3.44亿t(26.31%)和509.70万t(60.48%),退耕还林还草工程累计实施4538.25 km^(2),退耕还林区、退耕还草区和未利用地造林种草区分别占22.71%、73.46%和3.83%.②工程实施区内固碳和土壤保持服务的增幅较大,产水服务的增幅较小,食物供给服务呈下降趋势,不同类型工程实施区生态系统服务的变化情况存在明显的差异.③陕北地区多数生态系统服务间呈现权衡关系,2000~2020年间权衡关系逐渐减弱,工程实施区内的权衡关系相对更弱.④陕北地区能够同时提供多种生态系统服务的区域明显增加,退耕还林对增加多重热点区的促进效果明显,未利用地造林种草对消除0类热点区具有积极的作用.⑤未来,陕北地区应着力提升食物供给的可持续性并破除水资源短缺的瓶颈,可以结合生态系统服务的实际情况分类施策,通过未利用地造林种草减少生态系统服务匮乏的区域,通过间作套作和立体农业等方式促进多项生态系统服务的协同发展.This study quantitatively evaluated ecosystem services of carbon storage(CS),water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and food supply(FS)in northern Shaanxi and assesses the implementation areas and types of the Grain for Green Program(GFGP).It examined the impact of GFGP on ecosystem services in northern Shaanxi from the perspectives of spatio-temporal patterns,hot spot distribution,trade-offs and synergies.The results indicated:①From 2000 to 2020,CS,WY,SC,and FS in northern Shaanxi increased by 19.16 million t(2.63%),1156.11 million m^(3)(51.35%),344.21 million t(26.31%),and 5.10 million t(60.48%),respectively.The cumulative implementation area of GFGP reached 4538.25 km^(2),with cropland-to-forest,cropland-to-grassland,and barren-to-forest/grassland accounting for 22.71%,73.46%,and 3.83%of the total,respectively.②In the project implementation areas,the increases in CS and SC were significant,while the increase in WY was relatively small,and FS showed a declining trend.Distinct differences were observed in ecosystem service changes among different types of implementation areas of GFGP.③A trade-off relationship was observed between most ecosystem services in northern Shaanxi,which gradually weakened from 2000 to 2020,with relatively weaker trade-off relationships observed within the project implementation areas of GFGP.④The areas providing multiple ecosystem services in northern Shaanxi significantly increased,with cropland-to-forest playing a prominent role in promoting the emergence of multiple-hotspots,while barren-to-forest/grassland effectively eliminated zero-hot-spot.⑤Future efforts in northern Shaanxi should focus on enhancing the sustainability of food provisioning and alleviating water resource shortages.Strategies should be classified based on the actual situation of ecosystem services,utilizing barren-to-forest/grassland to reduce areas lacking ecosystem services and promoting the synergistic development of multiple ecosystem services through cropland-to-forest.

关 键 词：生态系统服务 退耕还林还草工程 时空格局 热点分布 权衡与协同 陕北地区 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]