不同微塑料胁迫下水稻(Oryza sativa)的生理生态响应以及转录组学分析  

Physiological and Ecological Response Characteristics and Transcriptomic Change Characteristics of Rice(Oryza sativa)Under Different Microplastic Stresses

作　　者：赖胜 邱兰兰 杨慧林[1,2,3] 刘淑丽 陈晓玲 简敏菲[1,2,3] LAI Sheng;QIU Lan-lan;YANG Hui-lin;LIU Shu-li;CHEN Xiao-ling;JIAN Min-fei(College of Life Science,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Resource Utilization of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330022,China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学生命科学学院,南昌330022 [2]生物多样性保护与资源利用江西省重点实验室,南昌330022 [3]江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,南昌330022

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第4期2590-2599,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(20223BBG71014);国家自然科学基金项目(32260016);江西省教育厅研究生创新基金项目(YC2022-S281)。

摘　　要：为缓解传统塑料使用废弃后产生的微塑料污染问题,可降解塑料日益受到关注.可降解塑料在环境中易老化,而有关可降解塑料对植物的影响尚较鲜见报道,可降解塑料老化后给环境带来的生态风险也并不明确.为了揭示不同微塑料对植物的生态效应,以水稻(Oryza sativa)为研究对象,选择新鲜可降解微塑料(PLA-MPs)、老化降解后微塑料(aged PLA-MPs)和传统微塑料(PE-MPs),研究不同微塑料胁迫下水稻的生理生态响应特征和转录组学变化特征.结果表明,水稻应对不同微塑料胁迫产生的生态效应不同,PLA-MPs和APLA-MPs相比于PE-MPs更易诱导水稻产生严重的氧化应激.与对照CK组相比,PE组和APLA组水稻的SOD值分别显著提高17.41%和36.48%,PE组和PLA组的POD分别显著提高21.91%和48.65%;PLA组和APLA组胁迫下的CAT值分别显著提高29.34%和24.91%;PLA组和APLA组胁迫下的MDA含量分别显著提高70.52%和135.94%.微塑料暴露下水稻叶绿素以及叶绿素荧光参数产生显著变化,PLA组和APLA组水稻叶绿素含量分别显著降低21.28%和12.77%;最大光学量子产量(F_(v)/F_(m))分别显著降低13.95%和44.19%;非光化学荧光淬灭(NPQ_Lss)分别显著提升222.64%和143.40%.转录组测序分析表明,微塑料暴露导致水稻四吡咯结合、血红素结合、氧化还原酶、铁离子结合和苯丙烷生物合成通路富集,APLA组的水稻更多集中于水解酶类通路和氨基酸类代谢与生物合成通路富集,研究结果对于综合评价环境中可降解微塑料的潜在生态风险及其对植物的生态效应具有一定的实践与理论价值.Traditional plastics are difficult to degrade in the environment after use and disposal,but they are prone to aging and forming microplastics(MPs),which are emerging environmental contaminants,posing a serious threat to global ecological security and human health.To mitigate the ecological impact caused by traditional plastic products,the use of biodegradable plastics is gaining widespread attention.However,the ecological risks of biodegradable materials to the soil remain unclear.Furthermore,biodegradable plastics are highly susceptible to aging behaviors such as pyrolysis,weathering,and exposure to light in the environment and turn into smaller MPs.To reduce the pollution problems caused by the disposal of traditional plastics,biodegradable plastics have been continuously developed and are increasingly utilized,garnering considerable attention.However,degradable plastics are susceptible to degradation through aging in the environment after use,yet there has been limited reporting on the impact of degradable plastics on ecosystems post-aging and degradation.Additionally,the risks to the ecosystem after the aging of degradable plastics are not very clear.To further elucidate the ecological effects of different MPs on plants,rice(Oryza sativa)was taken as the research subject in this study.Fresh degradable polylactic acid MPs(PLA-MPs,PLA),aged-degradable polylactic acid MPs(aged-PLA-MPs,APLA),and traditional polyethylene MPs were also selected to study the physiological and ecological response characteristics and transcriptomic change characteristics of rice under different MP stresses.The results indicated that rice exhibited varying ecological responses to different MP stresses,and PLA and APLA induced more severe oxidative stress in rice compared to PE-MPs.Compared with that of the CK group,the rice SOD contents of the PE treatment groups and aged PLA-MPs treatment groups were significantly increased by 17.41%and 36.48%,respectively.The rice POD contents of the PE and PLA groups were significantly increased by

关 键 词：聚乳酸微塑料(PLA-MPs) 聚乙烯微塑料(PE-MPs) 水稻(Oryza sativa) 生态效应 转录组 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]