生物炭影响耕地土壤微生物的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Effect of Biochar Addition on Soil Microorganisms in Cultived Land

作　　者：白艳 苏小粉 顾欣[1] 张昱 杨嘉妮 王新谱[1] BAI Yan;SU Xiao-fen;GU Xin;ZHANG Yu;YANG Jia-ni;WANG Xin-pu(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第4期2600-2610,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42367016);宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2023AAC02019);农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-10-01)。

摘　　要：生物炭是纤维类生物质经热解处理得到的富碳产物,因其提高耕地土壤肥力、促进土壤碳封存和吸附土壤污染物等功能而备受关注.土壤微生物是耕地土壤生命系统的主要组成,对土壤结构、营养、生态平衡和植物健康具有重要作用.添加的生物炭作用于耕地土壤和植物,其复杂关系中都有土壤微生物的参与.为此,梳理生物炭对耕地土壤微生物的直接影响,及其导致土壤性质、植物根系生长和代谢状况变化而带来的间接作用.发现了生物炭能直接为土壤微生物提供栖息环境和养分,改变酶活性,影响信号通讯,其成分中的多环芳烃等物质不利于微生物生存和代谢;生物炭通过改善孔隙度、酸碱度、团粒结构和容重等土壤理化性质,刺激植株生长、改变分泌状况和富集有害物质等间接作用于土壤微生物;生物炭对耕地土壤微生物的代谢活动和群落结构的影响具有复杂性,其影响趋势与生物炭的原材料性质、加工工艺和施用量等有关;提出了制备成本低、潜在危害少和综合效益高的生物炭产品建议和未来研究方向,可为生物炭的耕地土壤生态调控研究提供依据.Biochar is a carbon-rich product derived from the pyrolysis of fibrous biomass.It has attracted considerate attention because of its functions,such as improving soil fertility,achieving soil carbon sequestration,and adsorbing soil pollutants.Soil microorganisms are the main components of the soil life system in cultivated land,playing an important role in soil structure,nutrition,ecological balance,and plant health.Soil microorganisms are involved in the complex relationship between biochar addition and cultivated soil and plants.Therefore,the direct effects of biochar on soil microorganisms and indirect effects on soil properties,plant root growth,and metabolic status were investigated.Biochar could directly provide habitat and nutrients for soil microorganisms,alter enzymatic activity,and affect signal communication.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and other substances in biochar were not conducive to the survival and metabolism of soil microorganisms.Biochar could indirectly affect soil microorganisms by improving soil physical and chemical properties,such as porosity,pH,aggregate structure,and bulk density,stimulating plant growth,changing secretion status,and enrichment of harmful substances.The observed effects of biochar on the metabolic activities and community structure of soil microorganisms in cultivated land were complex,related to the properties of biochar raw materials,processing technology,and application rate.We proposed biochar products with low preparation cost,few potential hazards,and high comprehensive benefits and prospected future research directions,providing a basis for the study of biochar regulation in cultivated land soil.

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤微生物 酶活性 毒性 病害防治 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]