柑橘分选设备和果面细菌多样性及分选果实耐贮性评价  

Evaluation of bacterial diversity on citrus sorting equipment and fruit surface and the storability of sorted citrus fruits

作　　者：高恒锦 金国强 张建国 陈昊东 江东[3] GAO Hengjin;JIN Guoqiang;ZHANG Jianguo;CHEN Haodong;JIANG Dong(Linhai Specialty Technology Extension Station,Linhai,Zhejiang,317000,China;Linhai Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Linhai,Zhejiang,317000,China;Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University,Chongqing,400700,China)

机构地区：[1]临海市特产技术推广总站,浙江临海317000 [2]临海市农业技术推广中心,浙江临海317000 [3]西南大学柑桔研究所,重庆400700

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第2期44-51,共8页South China Fruits

基　　金：临海市柑橘协同创新项目(2019lhxc02);2023年临海市推广基金会项目资助。

摘　　要：为探索选果机分选增加果损与设备表面及果实表面细菌群落结构变化的关系,对大分1号温州蜜柑采后分选机分选后微酸性电解水清洗果实(FD-1)、仅分选机分选果实(FD-2)、仅微酸性电解水表面清洗果实(FD-3)以及采后不做任何处理果实(对照)进行常温贮藏性能评价,并通过16S rDNA技术对分选设备表面及果实表面的细菌群落进行多样性检测分析。结果显示,FD-2常温贮藏21 d的腐烂率达到14.34%,与对照(14.24%)无显著差异,显著高于FD-1(10.27%)和FD-3(9.24%);贮藏期间不同处理间果实品质无显著差异。通过16S rDNA技术从分选设备表面及果实表面共得到有效序列1557924条,平均有效比例72.15%。选果机传送带位置(XG3)、使用5年以上选果机设备表面(XG6)的Ace和Chao指数均在1000左右,其余分组(处理)的Ace和Chao指数均大于8000,Shannon指数亦是XG3和XG6最低。表明随着选果机连续分选果实,传送带上的细菌物种丰富度降低。Beta多样性分析表明,XG3和XG6的细菌物种多样性与其他分组差异显著。XG3和XG6的变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、假单胞菌属、马赛菌属、罗氏菌属等相对丰度较其他分组高,与果实分选后腐损增加存在一定关联。BugBase表型预测显示,不同分组兼性厌氧表型和可移动原件表型群落相对丰度分布均差异明显。微酸性电解水清洗显著降低一些致腐菌如欧文菌属等的相对丰度,从而降低果实贮藏期间腐烂率。To explore the relationship between the increase of fruit damage caused by fruit sorting machine and the changes in bacterial community structure on the surfaces of the equipment and the fruits,evaluation was conducted on the storage performance of Oita Wase Satsuma mandarin fruits stored under room temperature after different post-harvesting treatments of sorted by a post-harvest sorting machine and washed with slightly acidic electrolyzed water(FD-1),only sorted by the machine(FD-2),only surface-washed with slightly acidic electrolyzed water(FD-3),and received no post-harvest treatment(control).The diversity of bacterial communities on the surface of the sorting equipment and the fruits were analyzed using 16S rDNA technology.The results showed that the decay rate of FD-2 reached 14.34%after 21 days of storage at room temperature,which was not significantly different from that of the control(14.24%),but significantly higher than those of FD-1(10.27%)and FD-3(9.24%).There were no significant differences in fruit quality among different treatments during storage.A total of 1,557,924 effective sequences were obtained from the surface of the sorting equipment and the fruits by using 16S rDNA technology,with an average effective proportion of 72.15%.The Ace and Chao indices for the conveyor belt position of the sorting machine(XG3)and those used for more than five years(XG6)were around 1,000,while the indices for the other groups(treatments)were greater than 8,000,with the Shannon index also being the lowest for XG3 and XG6.This indicated that the bacterial species richness on the conveyor belts decreased with continuous fruit sorting.Beta diversity analysis showed that the bacterial species diversity of XG3 and XG6 was significantly different from the other groups.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Pseudomonas,Massilia and Rothia in XG3 and XG6 was higher than that in the other groups,which was associated with the increase in fruit decay after sorting.BugBase phenotype prediction

关 键 词：柑橘无损检测 腐烂率 细菌群落多样性 16S rDNA 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]