曼塘艺术流派创始人曼拉顿珠及其艺术活动补考  

Supplementary Research on sMan-lha Don-grub,the Founder of the sMan-thang Art School,and His Artistic Activities

作　　者：多杰仁青 rDo-rje Rin-chen

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国藏学研究所,成都610064 [2]四川大学考古文博学院,成都610064

出　　处：《中国藏学》2025年第1期166-178,219,220,共15页China Tibetology

摘　　要：曼塘画派作为西藏绘画艺术的主要流派之一,是研究西藏艺术的重要对象。学术界虽然对其多有研究,但受文献和实物资料所囿,对曼塘派的创立时间、创始人的学艺经历等问题存在诸多语焉不详之处。文章以新发现的《拉尊仁钦嘉措不共传笔录》等相关文献和艺术作品为主要依据,结合现有研究成果,分析、探讨曼塘画派创始人曼拉顿珠的生平活动与艺术特点。研究显示,曼拉顿珠最初在日喀则乃宁学习当时盛行于西藏的尼泊尔绘画,之后在艺术创作过程中吸收借鉴了中原绘画风格。此外,依据《上乐生续王》《时轮经》等密续典籍,并结合自身的艺术体悟和实际经验,曼拉顿珠著书立说,于15世纪30年代开创了扬名后世的曼塘画派。曼拉顿珠的绘塑创作集西藏本土、中原内地和尼泊尔艺术之众长,不仅开辟了西藏艺术发展的新道路,更是15世纪西藏与周边地区文化交流互鉴的重要见证。As one of the main schools of Tibetan painting art,the sMan-thang School is an important object of study for Tibetan art.Although there have been many academic studies on it,due to the limitations of documentary and physical materials,there are still many ambiguities regarding issues such as the founding time of the sMan-thang School and the learning experience of its founder.This article takes the newly discovered relevant documents such as The Exclusive Record of Lha-btsun Rin-chen rGyal-mtshan and artworks as the main basis,and combines existing research results to analyze and discuss the life activities and artistic characteristics of sMan-lha Don-grub,the founder of the sMan-thang School of painting.The research shows that sMan-lha Don-grub initially studied Nepalese painting,which was popular in Xizang at that time,in gNas rnying,gZhis ka rtse.Later,during the process of artistic creation,he absorbed and borrowed from the Central Plains'painting style.In addition,based on esoteric scriptures such as The King of the Heruka Continuation and The Kalachakra Tantra,and combined with his own artistic insights and practical experience,sMan-Iha Don-grub wrote books and established his own theory,and founded the renowned sMan-thang School of painting in the 1330s.sMan-lha Don-grub's painting and sculpture creations incorporate the strengths of Tibetan local art,art from the Central Plains of China,and Nepalese art.They not only opened up a new path for the development of Tibetan art but also serve as an important testament to the cultural exchanges and mutual learning between Xizang and its surrounding regions in the 15th century.

关 键 词：曼拉顿珠 拉尊·仁钦嘉措 艺术活动 西藏艺术流派 

分 类 号：J196.21[艺术—艺术理论]