去抑制的认知神经机制:一项事件相关电位研  

The cognitive neural mechanism of deinhibition:An ERP study

作　　者：陈霁雯 买晓琴[1] 李富洪[2] CHEN Jiwen;MAI Xiaoqin;LI Fuhong(Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872 [2]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第5期762-774,共13页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32360201)资助。

摘　　要：个体在不同任务间进行灵活切换时,不仅需要抑制任务无关信息,也需要在适当的时候解除先前的抑制,即去抑制,该过程产生的代价称为去抑制代价。尽管研究者采用多种范式研究了去抑制的认知过程,但其神经机制并不清楚。本研究采用ERP残差迭代分解技术考察了41名大学生被试在改编的停止信号任务中去抑制的认知神经机制,该技术可以减少个体内差异和噪声影响,更清晰地揭示不同认知过程的脑电特征。在任务中,当N−1试次出现停止信号时,N试次在刺激重复条件下的反应时长于刺激切换条件,反映了去抑制代价。脑电结果显示,去抑制效应最早出现于P1和N1成分,反映了注意门控机制在去抑制中的作用;去抑制过程也诱发了较小的N2/P3波幅以及较长的P3/R-cluster潜伏期,反映了自上而下的认知控制以及运动反应过程。When switching flexibly between different tasks,it is necessary not only to inhibit task-irrelevant information but also to overcome the previous inhibition at the appropriate time,that is,to engage in deinhibition.Studies have focused on the deinhibition process associated with implicit cognitive inhibition.They have rarely investigated the deinhibition process related to response inhibition.Since the formation of deinhibition relies on the strong aftereffect of inhibition and response inhibition may produce a stronger aftereffect of inhibition than cognitive inhibition,the exploration of response inhibition can more clearly reveal the cognitive neural mechanism of deinhibition.A residue iteration decomposition technique was used to investigate the cognitive neural mechanisms underlying deinhibition in an adapted stop-signal task.Fifty-four Chinese students(24 males and 30 females)participated in the EEG experiment.Participants were required to judge whether to respond to the stimulus according to its color.Different button responses corresponded to different stimuli(“X,”“O”).Participants were told to respond quickly unless a stop signal occurred.Stop signals followed approximately one-third of the stimuli.The stop signal occurred when the color of the stimulus(X/O)changed to red 200 ms after the stimulus onset.In that case,participants were instructed to withhold their response.The behavioral results showed that when the preceding trial was a stop-signal trial and participants successfully inhibited the action of the stimulus,the reaction time(RT)for the repeated stimuli in the current trial was significantly longer than that of the switched stimuli,reflecting the cost of deinhibition.The ERP results indicated that the process of deinhibition was manifested by larger P1 and smaller N1 amplitudes at the posterior electrodes,reflecting the role of the attention-gating mechanism in the early stage of deinhibition,which supports inhibition theory.Moreover,the process of deinhibition was also reflected by sm

关 键 词：去抑制 去抑制代价 认知控制 抑制解除 ERP 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]