空间导航能力性别差异的三水平元分析  

A three-level meta-analysis of gender differences in spatial navigation ability

作　　者：薛笑然 崔伟 张丽 XUE Xiaoran;CUI Wei;ZHANG Li(Faculty of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Sociology and Psychology,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学部,北京100875 [2]中央财经大学社会与心理学院,北京100081

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2025年第5期843-862,I0001-I0005,共25页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“空间能力的性别差异以及空间能力对数学能力的影响:基因-脑-行为的研究”(31871120)资助。

摘　　要：空间导航是不可或缺的基本认知能力,尽管已有大量研究探讨其性别差异,但关于差异的存在和大小尚无定论。本研究对173项研究(总样本量N=26604)和372个独立效应量进行三水平元分析,结果表明,大多数条件下男性的空间导航能力强于女性,但性别差异受年龄、表征方式、时间限制、任务环境、测试场景、辅+助装备的调节,在婴幼儿期、成年晚期的人群中,以及室内−室外双重测试和无辅助设备条件下,空间导航能力的性别差异不显著。本研究明确了空间导航能力的性别差异及其调节因素,为教育实践中缩小性别差异提供了参考。Spatial navigation is an essential cognitive ability,yet the existence and extent of gender differences in this domain remain contentious.A there-level meta-analysis was conducted,synthesizing data from 173 studies,with a total of 372 independent effect sizes and 26604 participants.The results indicated that spatial navigation ability generally exhibited gender differences,with males having stronger spatial navigation ability than females.However,these differences were influenced by various factors,including age,representation mode,time constraints,task environment,test scene,and auxiliary equipment.Specifically,gender differences in spatial navigation ability were not significant among infants and toddlers,in late adulthood,under dual indoor-outdoor testing conditions,or in the absence of auxiliary devices.These results provide a comprehensive analysis of gender differences in spatial navigation ability,identify key moderating variables,and offer evidence-based recommendations for educational practices aimed at reducing gender disparities in this domain.

关 键 词：空间导航能力 性别差异 三水平元分析 调节效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]