《黄帝内经》“象”与“象思维”解析  

Explanation of"Xiang(Image)"and"Xiang Thinking"in Huang Di Nei Jing

作　　者：张维波[1] ZHANG Weibo(Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing China 100700)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院针灸研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中医学报》2025年第5期905-910,共6页Acta Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金原创探索计划项目(82050006)。

摘　　要：“象”是《黄帝内经》的重要概念,代表事物的表象,事物按照物质属性的分类称为物类,按照象的分类称为象类。阴阳和五行是对“象”的两种分类方法和象类符号。《素问·阴阳应象大论》是阐述阴阳和五行分类的中医象思维专篇。“象”是一种主观的感知和判断,是外界信息与内在经验相比较的结果。取类比象是一种象思维,类似西方的归纳,是总结普遍规律的过程。象的分类依据既有主观综合,也可能存在共同的内在机制。取象比类也是一种象思维,是从一般到个别的过程,涉及两个三段论演绎的结合。西方逻辑通常在相同物类的事物中进行,中医象思维则跨越物类和象类,表现出更广阔的视野。"Xiang(image)"is an important concept in Huang Di Nei Jing,which represents the appearance of things.Things which are categorized according to their material attributes are called object category while according to the categorization of Xiang are called Xiang category.The models of Yin and Yang as well as Five Phases are the two classification methods and symbols of"Xiang",and Su Wen·Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun is a special treatise on Xiang thinking in Chinese medicine,which elaborates on the classification of Yin and Yang as well as Five Phases."Xiang"is a subjective perception and judgment,which is the result of comparing external information with internal experience.Comparing Xiang by categorizing is a kind of Xiang thinking,like the Western induction,which is the process of summarizing universal laws.The basis for Xiang and categorizing may be subjective and comprehensive or may be the common internal mechanism.Categorizing by comparing Xiang is also a kind of image thinking,which is a process from the general to the individual,involving the combination of two rounds of deductive method.While Western logic usually proceeds in the same object category,in Chinese medicine Xiang thinking go crosses both object and image categories,showing a broader vision.

关 键 词：“象” “象思维” 《黄帝内经》 阴阳五行 取类比象 取象比类 

分 类 号：R221[医药卫生—中医基础理论]