基于激光时栅场的远距离高精度空间测角技术  

Long-Distance High-Precision Spatial Angle Measurement Technology Based on Laser Time-Grating Field

作　　者：王家豪 马骏 丁万卿 Wang Jiahao;Ma Jun;Ding Wanqing(School of Automation,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,Shaanxi,China;School of Armament Science and Technology,Xi’an Technological University,Xi’an 710021,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学自动化学院,陕西西安710072 [2]西安工业大学兵器科学与技术学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《光学学报》2025年第2期202-211,共10页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：航空科学基金(2018ZC53041)。

摘　　要：针对传统基于射频信号的着陆系统无法在无线电静默和射频拒止环境中为飞行器进近着陆提供空间测角的问题,以激光为载体,提出了基于激光时栅场的空间测角技术,由基准站和定位单元协作实现了无线电静默和射频拒止环境下远距离高精度的空间角度测量。基准站通过发射含有时栅编码的脉冲调制激光,经过高精度扫描机构扫描及精密光学系统整形,在空间中生成二维激光时栅场,定位单元通过解析时栅编码并结合扫描机构的运动特性获得自身相对于基准站的精确空间角位置。构建了激光时栅场空间测角系统,并在外场进行了静态和动态测角实验。实验结果表明,方位角和俯仰角的静态测角误差分别为-0.003359°和-0.001044°,动态测角均方根误差分别0.001741°和0.001739°,测量空间范围为以基准站为原点、方位为±10°、俯仰为-10°~+10°、作用距离为6500 m的锥形空间,充分验证了该技术的可行性。本研究为飞行器着陆系统在无线电静默和射频拒止环境中进行远距离高精度动态空间测角提供了一种高效、可靠的解决方案。Objective In the process of aircraft approach and landing,stable and reliable long-range high-precision spatial angle measurement is one of the most critical technical challenges.The key issue lies in achieving accurate spatial angle measurement under various interference factors,including terrain complexity,meteorological conditions,and potential electronic interference.There has been significant research on long-range high-precision spatial angle measurement technologies for aircraft landing systems,such as instrument landing system(ILS)and microwave landing system(MLS),which perform well in open airspace without electromagnetic interference.However,in modern military applications,radio silence and radio frequency(RF)denial techniques have become common forms of electronic warfare.In such environments,the effectiveness of these systems is significantly reduced,or they may fail.To address these challenges,some scholars have explored vision-based spatial angle measurement technologies.However,vision-based systems are limited in their ability to provide large-scale,high-precision spatial angle measurements,and are also susceptible to interference from strong light and adverse weather conditions(such as haze and cloud cover),thus degrading their performance.In this paper,we propose a spatial angle measurement technique based on a laser time-grating field,offering a feasible solution for achieving remote and high-precision dynamic spatial angle measurement in radio silence and RF denial environments.Methods The spatial angle measurement technology based on the laser time-grating field is implemented through the collaboration of a reference station and a positioning unit.The reference station uses high-power lasers to emit two pulsed modulated laser beams containing time-grating encoded information.These laser beams are scanned uniformly in both the azimuth and elevation directions by two high-precision optical scanners.After being shaped by a precision optical system,the beams form two laser strips with specific geo

关 键 词：激光导航 空间测角 时栅 射频拒止 

分 类 号：V249.327[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]