再造希望:阶层再生产的教育机制剖析及其超越——来自西部边陲乡镇初中生求学实践的民族志考察  

Rebuilding Hope,An Analysis and Transcendence of the Educational Mechanism for Class Reproduction:An Ethnographic Study of Junior High School Students'Educational Practices in a Town on the Western Frontier of China

作　　者：廖春华 任世辉 LIAO Chunhua;REN Shihui(School of Public Administration,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学公共管理学院,成都611130

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第6期37-44,共8页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“‘具身-对话’交互模式影响学习者在线学习投入的认知及神经机制研究”(24YJA880026);西南财经大学研究生代表性成果培育项目“乡村振兴背景下农村公共品有效供给的机制与路径研究”(JGS2024044)的部分成果。

摘　　要：教育是个体实现向上社会流动的重要工具,然而教育也可能成为阶层再生产的机制。已有研究多从结构决定论或个体能动性的单一视角来讨论阶层再生产的机制,而以结构决定论与个体能动性相结合的内外互动式分析仍需进一步挖掘。本文对西部边陲D镇初中生的学习实践进行教育民族志考察,同时引入毕业五年内的学生为“影子案例”构成“类群体”预测其职业属性,以此揭示阶层再生产的内外共塑机制。研究发现,城镇化的外在环境形塑出“边缘化”的乡镇教育、“向城而迁”的教师、“兜底型”的家庭,同时自我意义世界的“虚无化”、就学环境下的“主动放弃”以及同辈群体的“行为同化”则成为初中生的主动选择,由此形塑出“情境塑造-自我内驱”的教育再生产框架。补偿乡镇学校优质资源以推进城乡教育一体化的“优质均衡”、健全农村家庭教育补充机制以保障教育公平的“家校协同”以及重塑学习动力以促进个体全面发展的“内外联动”是教育突破社会阶层再生产的三条可行路径。Education is an important tool for individuals to achieve upward social mobility,but it may also be a field for class reproduction.Previous studies have mostly discussed the educational mechanism of class reproduction from a single perspective of structural determinism or individual agency,while further exploration is needed for the internal and external interactive analysis that combines structural determinism with individual agency.This article conducts an educational ethnographic examination of the learning practices of junior high school students in D town on the western border,and introduces students who have graduated within five years as"shadow cases"to form a"class group"to predict their occupational attributes,thus revealing the internal and external co shaping mechanisms of class reproduction.Research has found that the external environment of urbanization shapes"marginalized"township education,"teachers who migrate to the city",and"bottom line"families.At the same time,the"nihilization"of the self meaning world,"active abandonment"in the learning environment,and"behavioral assimilation"of peer groups become the active choices of middle school students,thus shaping an educational reproduction framework of"situational shaping self drive".Compensating for high-quality resources in township schools to promote the integration of urban and rural education through"high-quality balance",improving the supplementary mechanism of rural family education to ensure educational equity through"home school collaboration",and reshaping learning motivation to promote comprehensive individual development through"internal and external linkage"are three feasible paths for education to break through social class reproduction.

关 键 词：乡镇教育 阶层再生产 义务教育优质均衡 教育民族志 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]