顶空固相微萃取气相色谱联用技术在法庭科学中的应用  

Application of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography in Forensic Science

作　　者：罗颖超 张文骥 韩祺瑞 LUO Yingchao;ZHANG Wenji;HAN Qirui(Department of Forensic Science of Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang 110854,China)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院刑事科学技术学院,辽宁沈阳110854

出　　处：《山东化工》2025年第6期143-147,150,共6页Shandong Chemical Industry

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金计划面上项目(2024-MS-208);辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目重点攻关项目(JYTZD2023147)。

摘　　要：在法庭科学领域中,检材样品成分复杂且待测目标物含量低,检材中目标物的分离提纯是检测的关键所在。顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)对一些挥发性组分以及半挥发性组分具有较高的灵敏度,并对检材没有损耗、可重复使用,具备所需样品少、无需溶剂等优点。顶空固相微萃取气相色谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC)具有使用范围广、灵敏度高与精确度高等诸多优点。重点介绍了HS-SPME的原理、装置及萃取影响因素;重点综述了HS-SPME-GC技术在法庭科学领域中毒品与滥用药物分析、醇类物质分析、农药分析、可燃物与助燃物分析以及人体挥发性有机物分析与鉴别方面的应用。对HS-SPME-GC技术在法庭科学领域中的发展方向进行了展望,以期为法庭科学领域毒物毒品、微量物的相关研究提供参考。In the field of forensic science,the composition of sample materials is complex and the target substances to be tested are often present in low concentrations.The separation and purification of target substances in these materials is crucial for analysis.Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)exhibits high sensitivity for volatile and semi-volatile components,offering advantages such as no sample loss,reusability,reduced sample requirements,and solvent-free operation.The headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography(HS-SPME-GC)boasts a wide range of applications,high sensitivity,and high accuracy.This paper focuses on the principles,equipment,and influencing factors of HS-SPME extraction.It provides a detailed review of the application of HS-SPME-GC technology in forensic science,including analysis of drugs and abused substances,alcohol substances,pesticides,combustibles and accelerants,as well as analysis and identification of human volatile organic compounds.This article looks forward to the future development of HS-SPME-GC technology in forensic science,aiming to serve as a reference for research on toxic drugs and trace substances in this field.

关 键 词：HS-SPME-GC 法庭科学 毒品 毒物 助燃剂 气味 

分 类 号：O652[理学—分析化学]