支架式无人机回收装置着陆仿真分析  

The Simulation of Frame Type Drone's Reclaim Landing Device

作　　者：梁志国 徐智强 徐天富 李世龙 LIANG Zhi-guo;XU Zhi-qiang;XU Tian-fu;Li Shi-long(Norinco Group'Air Ammunition Research Institude Co.Ltd,Harbin Heilongjiang 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]中国兵器工业集团航空弹药研究院有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《计算机仿真》2025年第3期45-49,133,共6页Computer Simulation

摘　　要：针对目前无人机领域缺少折叠展开式回收吸能装置的问题,拟设计一种能够成功回收不同着陆姿态的可折叠展开的支架式缓冲吸能装置。首先根据不同着陆姿态,分组布置吸能器以抵抗各个方向的外载荷,建立支架式回收吸能装置结构模型;再根据静压、落锤试验得到吸能材料的力学特性曲线,使用非线性单自由度离散梁模拟吸能器,释放1d单元自由度方法模拟铰接转动关系,建立全机仿真模型,仿真计算得到无人机过载与理论计算结果吻合较好;接着对不同着陆姿态全机模型进行仿真,发现外侧吸能器位置影响缓冲吸能装置的回收效果;最终经过仿真分析比对,得到最优吸能器位置,与试验所测无人机过载一致性较好。用落锤法测得的蜂窝材料动态力学特性建立的全机仿真模型计算精度较高,分组布置吸能器的结构形式能较好地提高吸能器利用率,最终优化得到的支架式回收装置能较好的回收无人机,且价格低廉,蜂窝吸能部件易更换。Responding to the lack of folding and unfolding energy recovery and absorption devices in the current UAV field,in this paper,we propose to design a foldable and deployable stent-type cushioning and energy-absorbing device capable of successfully recovering different landing attitudes.Firstly,according to different landing attitudes,the energy absorbers were arranged in groups to resist external loads in all directions,and the structure model of the bracket-type recovery energy absorber was established.Then based on the mechanical property curves of the energyabsorbing materials obtained from hydrostatic pressure and drop hammer tests,a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom discrete beam was used to simulate the energy absorber.The release of 1D element degrees of freedom was employed to simulate the hinge rotation relationship.The whole simulation model was established,and the calculated UAV overload agreed well with the theoretical calculations.Simulation of the full aircraft model with different landing attitudes reveals that the position of the outer energy absorber affects the effect of the cushioning energy absorption device.Finally,after simulation analysis and comparison,the optimal energy absorber position was obtained,which showed good consistency with the UAV overload measured in the test.The whole simulation model built with dynamic mechanical properties of honeycomb materials measured by the drop-hammer method gets a high accuracy,the structural form of grouping energy absorbers can better increase the utilization rate of energy absorbers,the final optimized bracket-type recovery device can recover the UAV better and is inexpensive,and the honeycomb energy-absorbing parts are easy to replace.

关 键 词：着陆缓冲 吸能材料 落锤法 非线性 有限元方法 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]