2016—2021年浙江省孕妇碘营养状况分析  

Analysis of iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2021

作　　者：毛光明[1] 莫哲[1] 顾思萌 王鸳鸯[1] 郭凡嘉 姜玉节 李雅晖 李雪青[1] 陈志健[1] 王晓峰[1] 楼晓明[1] 刘晨阳 Mao Guangming;Mo Zhe;Gu Simeng;Wang Yuanyang;Guo Fanjia;Jiang Yujie;Li Yahui;Li Xueqing;Chen Zhijian;Wang Xiaofeng;Lou Xiaoming;Liu Chenyang(Department of Environmental Health,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310051,China;Department of Environmental Health,Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省疾病预防控制中心环境与健康所,杭州310051 [2]安徽省疾病预防控制中心环境与健康所,合肥230601

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2025年第3期221-226,共6页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：国家卫生健康委员会科研基金(WKJ-ZJ-2332);浙江省自然科学基金(TGY23H24001)。

摘　　要：目的了解浙江省孕妇碘营养状况,探讨盐业体制改革对孕妇碘营养水平的影响,为防治碘缺乏病提供科学依据。方法2016—2021年,采用多阶段分层抽样方法,每年在浙江省90个县(市、区)各抽取100名孕妇作为调查对象,采集孕妇家庭食用盐盐样和1次随机尿样进行盐碘和尿碘含量检测。结果共采集孕妇家庭食用盐盐样56581份,盐碘中位数为23.20 mg/kg,其中非碘盐7961份、合格碘盐45803份、不合格碘盐2817份,碘盐覆盖率为85.93%(48620/56581),合格碘盐食用率为80.95%(45803/56581);非碘盐占比由2016年的10.05%(897/8928)增长至2021年的15.09%(1461/9679,χ^(2)_(趋势)=95.16,P<0.001)。共采集孕妇尿样56581份,尿碘中位数为130.50μg/L,其中尿碘<150、150~249、250~499、≥500μg/L的占比分别为58.32%(32996/56581)、27.24%(15410/56581)、12.24%(6926/56581)和2.21%(1249/56581);内陆地区孕妇尿碘中位数显著高于沿海地区(Z=19.15,P<0.001);且孕妇尿碘水平随着年龄增长(χ^(2)_(回归)=12.65,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(偏)=22.65,P<0.001)、孕期推进(χ^(2)_(回归)=37.28,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(偏)=18.89,P<0.001)均呈非线性下降趋势。结论浙江省孕妇碘营养水平总体处于碘不足状态(<150μg/L),且沿海地区较内陆地区存在更大缺碘风险。在盐业体制改革背景下,仍需强化碘盐质量监督,做好科学补碘教育,推广孕妇专用碘盐,加强碘缺乏病防治干预。Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Zhejiang Province,explore the impact of salt industry system reform on iodine nutrition level of pregnant women,and provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods From 2016 to 2021,a multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select 100 pregnant women from 90 counties(cities,districts)in Zhejiang Province each year as survey subjects.Salt samples were collected from pregnant women's families,and one random urine sample was taken for salt iodine and urinary iodine level testing,respectively.Results A total of 56581 samples of household edible salt were collected from pregnant women,with a median salt iodine level of 23.20 mg/kg.Among them,7961 were non iodized salt,45803 were qualified iodized salt,and 2817 were unqualified iodized salt.The iodized salt coverage rate was 85.93%(48620/56581),and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 80.95%(45803/56581).The proportion of non iodized salt increased from 10.05%(897/8928)in 2016 to 15.09%(1461/9679)in 2021(χ^(2)_(trend)=95.16,P<0.001).A total of 56581 urine samples were collected from pregnant women,with a median urinary iodine level of 130.50μg/L.Among them,the proportions of urinary iodine levels<150,150-249,250-499,and≥500μg/L were 58.32%(32996/56581),27.24%(15410/56581),12.24%(6926/56581),and 2.21%(1249/56581),respectively.The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women in inland areas was significantly higher than that in coastal areas(Z=19.15,P<0.001).Furthermore,urinary iodine levels exhibited a non-linear decline as age increased(χ^(2)_(regression)=12.65,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(partial)=22.65,P<0.001)and as pregnancy progressed(χ^(2)_(regression)=37.28,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(partial)=18.89,P<0.001).Conclusions The overall iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Zhejiang Province is in a state of iodine deficiency(<150μg/L),and there is a greater risk in coastal areas compared to inland areas.However,in the context of the refo

关 键 词：碘 盐类 尿 孕妇 

分 类 号：R153.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]