民间文学研究中历史地理学派的方法论试探  

Exploring the Methodology of the Historical-Geographical School in Folklore Studies

作　　者：刘文江[1] LIU Wenjiang(School of Chinese Languages and Literature,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《苏州教育学院学报》2025年第2期47-55,共9页Journal of Suzhou College of Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BZW165)。

摘　　要：芬兰的历史地理学派在早期民间文学研究中占据主流。其研究以民间故事和史诗等的传播、变异为中心,追求建立普遍形式,认为这些民间文学形式都蕴含着人类文明史中的特质,因此可以进行通约的编码与归纳。历史地理学派的学者形成了相对完备的方法论,他们持一种整体主义的研究前提,注重形式与因果关系的结合,为民间文学成为一门独立的学科作出了重要贡献。但这种研究方法论也有“见物不见人”的缺陷,因此对其进行反思,可以帮助后来的学者将视野投向“民俗个体”,在他们的讲述实践中思考文化背景的影响,研究其按照个体意愿形成的创造性表述。The Finnish Historical-Geographical School dominated early folklore studies,focusing on the dissemination and variation of folktales and epics.It aimed to establish universal forms,arguing that these folklore forms contain traits from the history of human civilization,making them amenable to systematic encoding and induction.Scholars of this school developed a relatively comprehensive methodology,premised on holism and emphasizing the integration of form and causality,thereby making significant contributions to folklore studies as an independent discipline.However,this methodology has the shortcoming of being“object-focused while neglecting human agency”.Reflecting on this approach can guide future researchers to focus on“folk individuals”,examining the influence of cultural contexts in their storytelling practices,and exploring the creative expressions shaped by individual intentions.

关 键 词：历史地理学派 方法论 形式因 整体主义 个体性 

分 类 号：I207.7[文学—中国文学]