基于高分辨率遥感测绘的地理信息空间定位方法  

Geospatial positioning method for geographic information based on high-resolution remote sensing mapping

作　　者：贾成顺 JIA Chengshun(Sanhe Digital Surveying and Geographic Information Technology Company Limited,Tianshui,Gansu 741000,China)

机构地区：[1]三和数码测绘地理信息技术有限公司,甘肃天水741000

出　　处：《北京测绘》2025年第4期534-540,共7页Beijing Surveying and Mapping

摘　　要：为提高地理信息获取精度,为城市规划等领域提供有力支持,本文提出基于高分辨率遥感测绘的地理信息空间定位方法。首先,构建高分辨率遥感成像几何模型,利用有理多项式系数模(RPC)模型描述高分辨率遥感影像像元坐标与对应地面点坐标之间的关系,通过对该模型作转换处理,并进行一阶泰勒展开,确定地理信息空间定位误差方程;然后,利用同名像点的像坐标差异,迭代求解地面坐标的改正数,基于与“地形无关”方式通过拟合RPC模型生成的整个三维空间,完成对RPC参数的解算;最后,采用基于像方仿射变换的误差补偿方案和物方补偿方案校正RPC模型误差,精准确定地面点坐标。实验结果表明:当定位控制点数量达到6、7个时,实验对象A定位效果已可以满足稳定性要求。应用本文方法补偿定位后,X方向上的标准差和中误差分别为0.122 m、0.151 m,Y方向上的标准差和中误差分别为0.268 m、0.134 m,各测试点坐标定位结果与实际量测值基本重合,说明本文的定位方法精准有效。To improve the accuracy of geographic information acquisition and provide strong support for urban planning and other fields,this paper proposed a geospatial positioning method based on high-resolution remote sensing mapping.First,a geometric model for high-resolution remote sensing imaging was constructed,using the rational polynomial coefficient(RPC) model to describe the relationship between the pixel coordinates of high-resolution remote sensing images and the corresponding ground point coordinates.By transforming this model and performing a first-order Taylor expansion,the geographic information spatial positioning error equation was determined.Then,the correction values of the ground coordinates were iteratively solved using the differences in image coordinates of homologous points,and the entire threedimensional(3D) space generated by fitting the RPC model was solved for RPC parameters using a “terrain-independent” approach.Finally,an error compensation scheme based on affine transformation in image space and object space compensation was adopted to correct the RPC model errors,enabling the precise determination of ground point coordinates.Experimental results show that when the number of control points reaches 6 or 7,the positioning accuracy for target A meets stability requirements.After applying the compensation method proposed in this paper,the standard deviation and mean error in the X direction are 0.122 and 0.151 m,respectively,while the standard deviation and mean error in the Y direction are 0.268 and 0.134 m,respectively.The coordinate positioning results for all test points are in close agreement with the actual measurements,demonstrating that the positioning method is accurate and effective.

关 键 词：高分辨率遥感 地理信息空间 误差方程 仿射变换 像方补偿 物方补偿 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]