糖尿病治疗的研究进展  

Progress in treatment of diabetes mellitus

作　　者：陈玉磊 雷雯惠 钟宁 陈巧钦 张凌晶[1] 金腾川 曹敏杰[1] CHEN Yulei;LEI Wenhui;ZHONG Ning;CHEN Qiaoqin;ZHANG Lingjing;JIN Tengchuan;CAO Minjie(College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Xiamen Boson Biotech Co.,Ltd,Xiamen 361021,China;School of Basic Medical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,He-fei 230027,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建厦门361021 [2]厦门市波生生物技术有限公司,福建厦门361021 [3]中国科学技术大学基础医学院,安徽合肥230027

出　　处：《中国病理生理杂志》2025年第4期757-765,共9页Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金资助项目(No.2021J01838);国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFD0901004)。

摘　　要：糖尿病是仅次于心血管病和肿瘤的第三大疾病。糖尿病发病隐蔽,早期无明显症状,中晚期常常伴有严重的临床并发症,如糖尿病性心肌病、肾病、视网膜病变、神经病变等,是糖尿病致死的重要因素。因此,糖尿病的早期诊断和治疗至关重要。与空腹血糖和口服葡萄糖耐量试验等传统诊断方法相比,糖化血红蛋白的含量不受受试者饮食和日常习惯的影响,是评估长期血糖控制情况的金标准。糖尿病的早期治疗可以明显改善患者的预后,提高整体治疗效果。在治疗糖尿病的过程中,饮食控制、体育锻炼、药物治疗、心理和社会支持都是必不可少的。迄今为止,糖尿病的治疗方法在不断丰富,药物设计与开发也在不断推进。一些新兴技术,如抗体、干细胞等,也被应用于糖尿病的治疗。本综述系统地总结了糖尿病防治的最新进展,并探讨了抗体在糖尿病治疗中的应用,为糖尿病等疾病的抗体药物研发提供参考。Diabetes mellitus is the third most prevalent disease worldwide,following cardiovascular diseases and cancer.There is no obvious symptom in the early stage of diabetes mellitus.However,in the middle and late stages,diabetes mellitus may lead to severe clinical complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy,kidney disease,retinopathy,or neuropathy,the primary causes for diabetes-related deaths.Therefore,the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus are of practical significance.Compared with traditional diagnostic methods including fasting blood-glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests,the measurement of glycated hemoglobin serves as a gold standard for evaluating long-term blood glucose control,due to the relative stability of glycated hemoglobin under a period of dietary and daily practice.Early treatment of diabetes mellitus may significantly improve the prognosis of patients and enhance the overall therapeutic outcome.Diet control,physical exercise,medication,as well as psychological and social supports are critical for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.To date,the therapeutic methods for diabetes mellitus have been constantly enriching,along with promoted drug design and development.Some emerging technologies,such as therapies using antibodies or stem cells,have been applied to treat diabetes mellitus.Hereby the latest progress in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus was comprehensively reviewed,and the application of antibodies was discussed,which may provide insights into the research and development of antibody drugs for chronic human diseases including diabetes mellitus.

关 键 词：糖尿病 抗糖尿病药 抗体 干细胞 

分 类 号：R587.1[医药卫生—内分泌] R977.15[医药卫生—内科学] R363[医药卫生—临床医学]