重载机车测力车钩测点优化布置仿真分析与试验研究  

Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study on the Optimization of Measurement Point Layout for Heavy-Haul Locomotive Force-Measuring Couplers

作　　者：程栋 谢睿涵 谢博[2] 陈是扦 CHENG Dong;XIE Ruihan;XIE Bo;CHEN Shiqian(Guoneng Shuohuang Railway Development Co.,Ltd.,Rolling Stock Branch,Cangzhou 062350,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong Universtiy,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]国能朔黄铁路发展有限责任公司机辆分公司,河北沧州062350 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机械》2025年第4期45-52,共8页Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52375133);轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室自主课题(2024RVL-T04)。

摘　　要：针对车钩纵向载荷测量中的应变片布置测点问题,提出一种基于有限元分析来确定应变片测点位置的方法。首先建立100型车钩的三维模型,并利用ANSYS软件进行有限元仿真分析。通过对车钩在不同载荷条件下的应力云图进行详细分析,识别车钩受力过程中的关键区域。基于分析结果,确定最佳的应变片布置位置,以提高测量精度和可靠性。为验证有限元分析的结果,设计并实施了分级加载标定试验。实验中,对车钩施加不同等级的纵向载荷,并测量应变片的响应数据。对比实验结果与有限元仿真结果,证实了应变片布置的科学性和有效性。该研究结果不仅为车钩的分级加载标定工作提供了理论依据,而且对重载列车实时监测系统的优化具有重要的实际应用价值。This paper addresses the issue of strain gauge measurement point layout in coupler longitudinal load measurement and proposes a finite element analysis FEA-based method to scientifically and reasonably determine the strain gauge measurement point positions.First,a 3D model of a Type 100 coupler is established,and finite element simulations are performed by using ANSYS software.Through a detailed analysis of stress contour maps under different load conditions,the critical regions in the coupler's load-bearing process are identified.Based on these analyses,the optimal strain gauge layout is determined to improve measurement accuracy and reliability.To verify the FEA results,a graded loading calibration test is designed and conducted.During the experiment,different levels of longitudinal loads are applied to the coupler,and the strain gauge response data are collected.A comparison between experimental results and FEA simulations has confirmed the scientific validity and effectiveness of the strain gauge layout.The findings not only provide a theoretical basis for the graded loading calibration of couplers but also offer significant practical value for the optimization of real-time monitoring systems of heavy-haul trains.

关 键 词：测力车钩 重载机车 测点优化 实时监测 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]