基于能耗最优的电动拖拉机转矩控制策略研究  

Torque Control Strategy of Electric Tractor Based on Optimal Energy Consumption

作　　者：武曦 全力[1] 朱孝勇[1] 张超[1] Wu Xi;Quan Li;Zhu Xiaoyong;Zhang Chao(College of Electrical Information Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学电气信息工程学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第8期266-272,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52077098);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(22)1005)。

摘　　要：为降低电动拖拉机的能耗,最大限度地提升作业里程,针对四轮独立驱动电动拖拉机的牵引犁耕作业和道路运输作业工况,提出了一种基于能耗最优的转矩控制策略。同时,设计了一种综合考虑轮毂电机能耗和轮胎滑移能耗的目标函数,通过粒子群优化算法进行求解,并将其用于电动拖拉机的转矩控制中。基于CarSim和MatLab/Simulink构建了电动拖拉机模型、轮毂电机驱动模型、速度驾驶员控制模型和动力电池模型,并分别在牵引犁耕和道路运输工况下对基于能耗最优的转矩控制策略进行验证。仿真结果表明:在牵引犁耕工况下,基于能耗最优的转矩控制策略,电动拖拉机平均耗电量为1.18 kW·h/km,相较于传统控制策略降低了4.84%;在道路运输工况下,基于能耗最优的转矩控制策略,电动拖拉机平均耗电量为0.78 kW·h/km,相较于传统控制策略降低了8.33%。由此证明,电动拖拉机在基于能耗最优的转矩控制策略下降低了能耗,有效提升了作业里程。In order to minimize energy consumption and increase work mileage of electric tractors,a torque distribution control strategy based on energy optimization was proposed for traction plowing and road transportation operations of four-wheel independent drive electric tractors.An objective function was designed that comprehensively considers the energy consumption of wheel hub motors and tire slip energy consumption,and was solved using particle swarm optimization algorithm,which was applied to torque control of electric tractors.Based on CarSim and MatLab/Simulink,an electric tractor model,a hub motor drive model,a speed driver control model,and a power battery model were constructed.The torque control strategy based on optimal energy consumption was validated under traction plowing and road transportation conditions,respectively.The simulation results showed that under traction plowing conditions,based on the torque control strategy with optimal energy consumption,the average power consumption per kilometer of electric tractors was 1.18 kW·h/km,which was 4.84%lower than traditional control strategies.Under road transportation conditions,based on the torque control strategy with optimal energy consumption,the average power consumption per kilometer of electric tractors was 0.78 kW·h/km,which was 8.33%lower than traditional control strategies.Proved that electric tractors reduce energy consumption and effectively increase operating mileage under the torque control strategy based on optimal energy consumption.

关 键 词：电动拖拉机 转矩控制 能耗最优 轮毂电机 目标函数 

分 类 号：S219.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]