铁路轨道平顺性状态评估及预测研究进展  

Recent research progress on assessment and prediction of railway track geometric condition

作　　者：李再帏[1] 刘晓舟 施洁 尹梓人 LI Zaiwei;LIU Xiaozhou;SHI Jie;YIN Ziren(School of Urban Railway Transportation,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;College of Urban Transportation and Logistics,Shenzhen Technology University,Shenzhen 518118,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620 [2]深圳技术大学城市交通与物流学院,广东深圳518118

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第8期49-63,共15页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2022YFB2602200);国家自然科学基金(52178430;52208441)。

摘　　要：铁路轨道平顺性状态关乎列车运行的安全性和舒适性,因此对轨道不平顺特征分析、轨道质量评价及轨道平顺性发展预测的研究具有重要的现实意义。该研究综述了近年来关于轨道平顺性评估及其状态预测的相关研究工作,主要围绕轨道不平顺分布特征分析、轨道服役状态评价和轨道平顺性发展预测三个方面展开,讨论了既有的各类研究的先进性与不足之处,分析了未来可进一步深化的研究方向。研究结果表明:在轨道不平顺分布特征研究方面,未来需要进一步融合动态与静态不平顺检测数据特征,同时需要加强对敏感薄弱轨道区段的跟踪研究;轨道平顺性状态评价方法方面,目前以时域幅值管理为主,频域波长管理指标还处于探索阶段,未来需进一步研究频域波长与时域幅值的关系,构建蕴含波长参数的轨道质量评价体系;在轨道平顺性发展预测研究方面,相比于有砟线路和普速铁路,无砟线路和高速铁路的研究相对较少,相关研究未充分考虑轨道结构状态性能的演化,未来需要根据实际环境与养修因素来构建满足工务生产要求的预测模型。The geometric condition of railway tracks is crucial for the operational safety and ride comfort of trains.Therefore,research on the analysis of track irregularities,track quality assessment,and prediction of track irregularity development is of important practical significance.Recent research on the assessment and prediction of track geometry was reviewed in this paper,including the distribution characteristics analysis of track irregularity,track serviceability assessment,and prediction of track irregularity development.The advancements and shortcomings of existing research was discussed and future research directions of relevant topics were analyzed.It is found that in the study of track regularity distribution,there is a need to further integrate dynamic and static track inspection data,as well as to further investigate the data feature in the sensitive and weak track sections.Regarding track quality assessment methods,time-domain methods is predominant,whilst the frequency-domain methods are still under development.Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between time and frequency-domain indexes,and to establish a comprehensive track quality assessment scheme incorporating wavelength parameters.In terms of track irregularity development prediction,compared to ballasted tracks and conventional railways,research on ballastless tracks and high-speed railways is relatively limited,and relevant studies inadequately consider the evolution of track structural performance.Future efforts should focus on constructing predictive models that meet the requirements of maintenance work based on actual environmental and factors.

关 键 词：铁路轨道 轨道不平顺 轨道质量 评价模型 养护维修 

分 类 号：U216.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]