“銙茶”考——兼谈北苑贡茶沿革  

Study on "Kua tea" : the Evolution of Beiyuan Tribute Tea

作　　者：薛峥 张鹏飞[1] Xue Zheng;Zhang Pengfei

机构地区：[1]湖北大学文学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2025年第2期35-44,共10页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“汉语人体部位词的词汇类型学研究”(项目编号:20CYY025)。

摘　　要：“銙茶”是宋代贡茶的一种,其名称源于“带銙”之形,有“銙、鞯胯、夸、胯”四种写法,四者音义关系密切而通用。銙茶至晚出现于北宋中期,初流行于民间,后由北苑茶焙改进,成为继龙、凤团茶之后的贡茶新形制。銙茶具有提升生活品质、人交往际赠礼、彰显政治地位及经济效益等多重社会功能。銙茶的发展反映了宋代社会经济繁荣及统治者的偏好。元代继承宋制,贡茶仍以饼状或片块状为主,但规模缩小。明初“废团改散”政策实施后,片茶旧制消亡,散茶逐渐成为主流,团茶、銙茶等随之成为历史。The "Kua tea" refers to a type of tribute tea from the Song Dynasty, named after the shape of a belt buckle. Historically, it had four interchangeable written forms in Chinese, which were closely related in pronunciation and meaning during that time. Kua tea emerged no later than the mid-Northern Song period, initially gaining popularity among the populace before being refined by the Beiyuan tea workshops. It became a new form of tribute tea following the Dragon and Phoenix Tuan tea(compressed tea cake). Kua tea served multiple social functions, including enhancing quality of life, facilitating interpersonal gifting, signifying political status, and generating economic benefits. Its development reflected the economic prosperity and the preferences of its rulers during the Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty inherited the tea forms of the Song Dynasty, maintaining cake or slab-shaped tribute teas on a reduced scale. With the Ming Dynasty's early policy of "abolishing Tuan tea in favor of loose tea", the traditional tribute tea forms disappeared, and loose tea gradually became dominant, rendering tea cake, Kua tea and others subsequently became a part of the past.

关 键 词：銙茶 北苑茶 建茶 贡茶制度 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]