四大洋及不同温度带海洋微生物组成结构和差异分析  

Microbial Structure and Composition Difference in Different Temperature Zones and Four Oceans

作　　者：寻卓然 倪妍 孙晓玥 腾新栋 刘秀梅 曲江勇[1] 王丽君 邢志凯 郑立 王绪敏 XUN Zhuoran;NI Yan;SUN Xiaoyue;TENG Xindong;LIU Xiumei;QU Jiangyong;WANG Lijun;XING Zhikai;ZHENG Li;WANG Xumin(School of Life Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai 264005;Qingdao International Travel Healthcare Center,Qingdao 266071;First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264005 [2]青岛国际旅行卫生保健中心,山东青岛266071 [3]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版)》2025年第2期165-176,共12页Journal of Yantai University(Natural Science and Engineering Edition)

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)(2021CXGC011306)。

摘　　要：为了探究大洋不同温度带间海洋微生物的结构组成及差异,采用宏基因组分析技术对四个大洋的海水样品进行菌群结构研究。微生物Alpha多样性的比较分析显示,太平洋(PO)中微生物菌群多样性和丰富度最高。Beta多样性分析显示不同组样本间存在差异。微生物群落组成分析显示,在门水平上,奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)、蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、Uroviricota分别在古菌、细菌、真菌、病毒中占有绝对优势。细菌菌门的物种组成多样性高于真菌、古菌及病毒。远洋杆菌属(Pelagibacter),原绿球藻属(Prochlorococcus),聚球藻属(Synechococcus)是四个大洋中的主要细菌属,且在不同的大洋及不同的温度带都有明显的优势菌属。差异分析显示四个大洋中共有21个属存在显著差异,三个温度带间共有32个属存在显著差异。基因功能方面,能量生产与转换、氨基酸转运与代谢功能为四个大洋中最丰富的两个类别。铁复合外膜受体蛋白功能可能在海洋微生物的耐冷方面具有重要作用。印度洋(IO)和北冰洋(ArO)为四个大洋中毒力因子种类及数量最多的两个大洋。研究发现世界四大洋及不同温度带间微生物的组成存在显著差异,且海洋微生物中细菌丰度所占比例最高,本研究的结果可为后续对海洋微生物资源及其功能研究提供理论参考。In order to explore the structural composition and differences of marine microorganisms in different temperature zones of the oceans,metagenomics analysis was adopted to study the microbial structure in seawater samples of four oceans.The comparative analysis of microbial Alpha diversity showed that the diversity and richness of microbial flora in the Pacific Ocean were the highest.Beta diversity analysis revealed microbial differences among different groups of samples.The composition analysis of microbial community showed that Thaumarchaeota,Cyanobacteria,Ascomycota and Uroviricota were dominant among archaea,bacteria,fungi,and viruses,respectively,at the phylum level.The species diversity of bacterial phyla is higher than that of fungi,archaea and viruses.Pelagibacter,Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the main bacterial genera in the four oceans,and the bacteria exhibit obvious dominant genera in different oceans and temperature zones.Comparative analysis showed significant differences in 21 genera across the four oceans and 32 genera across the three temperature zones.In terms of gene function,energy production and conversion,as well as Amino acid transport and metabolism,are the two most abundant functional categories in the four oceans.The function of iron complex outer membrane receptor protein may play an important role in the cold tolerance of marine microorganisms.The Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean have the highest types and quantities of toxic factors.The study found significant differences in microbial composition among the world's four oceans and different temperature zones,with the proportion of bacteria in marine microorganisms being the highest.The results of this study can provide a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on marine microbial resources and their functions.

关 键 词：世界四大洋 宏基因组 海洋微生物 微生物多样性 菌群结构 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]