辣椒素对斯氏按蚊肠道菌群和抗菌肽表达的影响  

Impact of capsaicin on the gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides expression of Anopheles stephensi

作　　者：郑丹[1] 刘治隆 王静 刘婷婷 于莎莎 赵才志 郑斐斐 李昕 吴家红 王英 ZHENG Dan;LIU Zhilong;WANG Jing;LIU Tingting;YU Shasha;ZHAO Caizhi;ZHENG Feifei;LI Xin;WU Jiahong;WANG Ying(School of Public Health,the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 561113,China;Department of Tropical Medicine,College of Military Preventive Medicine,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China;Department of Parasitology,School of Basic Medicine,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 561113,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳561113 [2]陆军军医大学军事预防医学系热带医学教研室,重庆400038 [3]贵州医科大学基础医学院寄生虫学教研室,贵州贵阳561113

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2025年第1期15-21,共7页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.82472319,No.81971971);陆军军医大学科技创新能力提升专项(No.2021XJS05);陆军军医大学优秀人才库重点扶持项目。

摘　　要：目的探讨辣椒素对斯氏按蚊肠道菌群和抗菌肽表达的影响,为辣椒素在蚊媒传染病防控中的应用提供实验参考。方法实验组和对照组斯氏按蚊分别连续饲喂含辣椒素和等量二甲基亚砜(辣椒素溶剂)糖水72 h,提取雌蚊中肠及肠道细菌DNA,采用细菌16S rDNA高通量测序和实时荧光定量PCR方法,分析比较对照组和实验组雌蚊中肠细菌的菌群多样性、组成结构和相对丰度以及肠道细菌总负荷。提取2组按蚊的中肠总RNA,利用实时荧光定量逆转录PCR(quantitative reverse transcription PCR,RT-qPCR)检测和比较重要抗菌肽的表达水平。结果2组共检测到10门、11纲、28目、43科、62属细菌;实验组的分类单元数少于对照组,细菌多样性明显降低,2组间的菌群组成结构和相对丰度不同。在门分类水平上,两组的优势菌均为拟杆菌门、变形菌门和厚壁菌门。在目分类水平上,黄杆菌目、醋酸菌目、假单胞菌目和乳酸杆菌目为优势菌,实验组中假单胞菌目和醋酸菌目的相对丰度减少,而黄杆菌目和乳酸杆菌目的相对丰度增加。在属分类水平上,伊丽莎白菌属的相对丰度在2组样本中都占据优势,实验组中伊丽莎白菌属、明串珠菌属和葡糖杆菌属的相对丰度更高,而亚细亚菌属和不动杆菌属的相对丰度则显著低于对照组。除上述变化外,在实验组中,肠道细菌总负荷升高,而按蚊攻击素、天蚕素和防御素等抗菌肽的转录水平显著降低。结论辣椒素处理显著影响斯氏按蚊肠道菌群结构组成和增加肠道细菌总负荷并抑制抗菌肽表达;分析提示,辣椒素可能通过改变能量代谢和天然免疫相关菌群影响按蚊的繁殖能力和传病能力。Objective To investigate the effects of capsaicin on gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptide expression of Anopheles stephensi,providing experimental references for the application of capsaicin in mosquito-borne disease prevention and control.Methods Anopheles stephensi were continuously fed with sugary water containing capsaicin or DMSO for the capsaicin-treated group and the control,respectively.The DNA of the female mosquito's midguts and gut bacteria was extracted.Bacterial 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to analyze and compare the bacteria diversity,gut flora composition,relative abundance,and total bacterial load in female mosquitoes’midgut between the control and capsaicin treatment groups.Total RNA was extracted from the midguts of the two groups of Anopheles mosquitoes,and the transcriptional levels of important antimicrobial peptides were detected and compared by reverse transcription and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results A total of 10 phyla,11 classes,28 orders,43 families,and 62 genera were identified in the two groups.The capsaicin-treated group had fewer taxa,with significantly reduced bacterial diversity,and different community composition and relative abundance of the flora compared to the control group.At the phylum level,Bacteroidota,Proteobacteria,and Firmicutes predominated in both two groups.At the order level,Flavobacteriales,Acetobacterales,Pseudomonadales,and Lactobacillales were the dominant bacteria,with reduced relative abundance of Pseudomonadales and Acetobacterales and increased relative abundance of Flavobacteriales and Lactobacillales in the capsaicin-treated group.At the genus level,Elizabethkingia was predominantly abundant in both samples,with higher relative abundance of Elizabethkingia,Leuconostoc,and Gluconobacter in the capsaicin-treated group,while Asaia and Acinetobacter had significantly lower relative abundance compared to the control group.In addition to these changes,the total bacterial load was

关 键 词：辣椒素 斯氏按蚊 肠道菌群 16S rDNA 抗菌肽 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]