2014—2021年重庆市急性中毒流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological analysis of acute poisoning in Chongqing from 2014 to 2021

作　　者：杨应丽 周洁 张梦然 王世松 涂枫 宋云波 段维霞 YANG Yingli;ZHOU Jie;ZHANG Mengran;WANG Shisong;TU Feng;SONG Yunbo;DUAN Weixia(School of Public Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211166,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学公共卫生学院,江苏南京211166 [2]重庆医药高等专科学校附属第一医院实验医学中心职业病防治与中毒救治重庆市重点实验室

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第3期336-341,共6页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202302827);重庆医药高等专科学校附属第一医院孵化项目(2022-2023ZD01)。

摘　　要：目的分析2014—2021年重庆市中毒流行特征及变化趋势,为预防中毒采取有效措施提供依据。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制中心突发中毒事件卫生应急信息平台系统”收集2014—2021年重庆市报告的急性中毒病例信息,通过重庆市统计年鉴获得人口信息。运用Joinpoint回归模型分析中毒发生率的年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC),采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对病例基本情况和中毒流行病学特征进行分析。结果2014—2021年重庆市共报告急性中毒5881例,其中农药中毒1933例(32.87%)、食物中毒1671例(28.41%)、药物中毒968例(16.46%),居前三位。中毒病例以45~<65岁居多,为1891例(32.15%),女性最多3078例(52.34%),初中以下患者最多3498例(59.48%)。高发季节为秋季1852例(31.49%),病例主集中在在渝东北片区,为2460例(41.83%)。2014—2021年药物中毒发生率呈上升趋势(APC=23.36%,95%CI:2.16%~49.79%);农药中毒在2014—2017年呈上升趋势(APC=82.86%,95%CI:20.31%~353.83%);化学品中毒发生率2014—2016年呈上升趋势(APC=100.88%,95%CI:5.02%~344.09%),2016—2021年呈下降趋势(APC=-28.19%,95%CI:-63.33%~14.44%);2014—2019年食物中毒发生率呈上升趋势(APC=38.05%,95%CI:1.85%~183.50%)、2019—2021年呈下降趋势(APC=-93.08%,95%CI:-98.37%~70.10%)。5484例(93.25%)急性中毒患者离院时已好转或痊愈,但农药中毒、化学品中毒和食物中毒病死率较高,分别为2.33%、1.26%和1.14%。结论重庆市急性中毒发生率较高,应加强预防急性中毒的宣传工作,针对不同类型的急性中毒与重点人群制定可行的干预措施,降低急性中毒发生率。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of acute poisoning in Chongqing from 2014 to 2021,and to provide a basis for taking effective measures to prevent poisoning.Methods Information on reported cases of acute poisoning in Chongqing Municipality from 2014—2021 was collected through the Health Emergency Response Information Platform System for Poisoning Emergencies of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and demographic information was obtained through the Chongqing Municipal Statistical Yearbook.The annual percent change(APC)in the incidence of poisoning was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model and epidemiological characteristics such as age,gender,season,region,and cause of the poisoned patients were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software.Results From 2014 to 2021,a total of 5881 cases of acute poisoning were reported in Chongqing,including 1933 cases(32.87%)of pesticide poisoning,1671 cases(28.41%)of food poisoning,and 968 cases(16.46%)of drug poisoning.The majority of poisoning cases occurred in individuals aged 45-<65 years(1891 cases,32.15%),with females accounting for 3078 cases(52.34%).Patients with education below junior high school constituted the largest group,totaling 3498 cases(59.48%).The peak season was autumn(31.49%,1852 cases),mainly concentrated in the northeast of Chongqing(41.83%,2460 cases).From 2014 to 2021,the incidence of the drug(APC=23.36%,95%CI:2.16%-49.79%)showed an upward trend.Pesticide poisoning showed an upward trend from 2014 to 2017(APC=82.86%,95%CI:20.31%-353.83%).The incidence of chemical poisoning increased from 2014 to 2016(APC=100.88%,95%CI:5.02%-344.09%),and decreased from 2016 to 2021(APC=-28.19%,95%CI:-63.33%-14.44%).The prevalence of food poisoning increased from 2014 to 2019(APC=38.05%,95%CI:1.85%-183.50%)and decreased from 2019 to 2021(APC=-93.08%,95%CI:-98.37%-70.10%).The vast majority(5484,93.25%)of patients with acute poisoning had improved or recovered from hospital discharge,but the case fatality rates of pesticid

关 键 词：急性中毒 食物中毒 农药中毒 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R195.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]